In a groundbreaking study published in Large-scale Assess Educ, researchers Repo, Reimer, and Kilpi-Jakonen explore the evolving landscape of student well-being and educational disparities during the pandemic, using data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) encompassing the years 2018 and 2022. This research offers a nuanced understanding of the factors impacting education systems, particularly in the Nordic countries of Finland, Sweden, and Iceland, against the backdrop of a global health crisis that has fundamentally altered educational paradigms.
The study is remarkable in its approach—leveraging a latent profile analysis to dissect the experiences of students amidst the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. By examining the data from two distinct points in time, the authors provide valuable insights into how well-being among students has been influenced by various educational disparities that have become magnified over recent years. This longitudinal analysis holds significant implications for policymakers and educators alike, shedding light on which structures within the educational system need reform.
Central to this discussion is the concept of student well-being, which encompasses not just academic performance, but also mental health, social connections, and overall satisfaction with the educational experience. The pandemic disrupted conventional learning environments, introducing remote education and social distancing measures that would inevitably affect how students interacted with their peers and teachers. Repo and colleagues meticulously analyze these shifts, revealing patterns that demonstrate both resilience and vulnerability among students.
One particularly striking finding from the research is the stability of well-being for certain student profiles, even in the face of widespread educational disruption. The authors identify specific groups of students who maintained higher levels of well-being, suggesting that certain protective factors, which may include supportive family environments or effective school practices, contributed to a buffer against the negative impacts of the pandemic. This resilience can inform future strategies for fostering well-being in education systems.
Conversely, the study also highlights significant disparities among different student segments. Particularly concerning is how marginalized groups, often already at a disadvantage, experienced heightened challenges during the pandemic. The authors argue that the systemic inequities present in educational institutions prior to the pandemic have only been exacerbated, resulting in significant academic and emotional setbacks for these students. Policymakers must address these disparities to create a more equitable educational landscape moving forward.
The methodological rigor of this study cannot be understated. Utilizing a latent profile analysis allows the researchers to identify and measure unobserved variables that contribute to student experiences and outcomes. By clustering students into profiles based on their well-being indicators, the study reveals diverse patterns that traditional analysis might overlook. Such insights pivotally inform how stakeholders can strategize interventions tailored to the specific needs of different student profiles.
Additionally, the PISA framework itself offers a comprehensive lens through which to view student performance and well-being across various cultures and educational systems. The longitudinal nature of the data—spanning several years—provides a rich context for understanding shifts that have been catalyzed by external pressures such as a pandemic. The comparison between 2018 and 2022 serves not only as a snapshot of change but also as a call to action for education systems worldwide to prioritize comprehensive assessments of student well-being as a critical component of educational success.
Looking ahead, the implications of this research extend beyond the immediate findings. As educators and leaders consider strategies for recovery and improvement in the wake of the pandemic, the insights gathered can help shape policies aimed at enhancing student support systems and educational practices. For instance, promoting student engagement and social interaction, even in blended learning environments, could prove vital to enhancing well-being and educational outcomes.
In conclusion, the work of Repo, Reimer, and Kilpi-Jakonen is a crucial contribution to the understanding of student well-being during unprecedented times. Their comprehensive analysis lay bare the complexities surrounding educational disparities, offering solutions that could mitigate the adverse effects of future crises. The study serves as a reminder that resilience in education is not merely about academic success but also encompasses the emotional and social dimensions of the student experience.
By emphasizing the critical role of supportive educational environments and the need for equity in access and resources, this research advocates for a comprehensive and inclusive approach to education reform. As we navigate the ongoing aftermath of the pandemic, the recommendations provided in this study could significantly influence the trajectory of educational policies and practices in Finland, Sweden, Iceland, and beyond.
Subject of Research: Student well-being and educational disparities during the pandemic.
Article Title: Stability in student well-being and educational disparities across the pandemic: a latent profile analysis of PISA 2018 and 2022 in Finland, Sweden, and Iceland.
Article References: Repo, J., Reimer, D. & Kilpi-Jakonen, E. Stability in student well-being and educational disparities across the pandemic: a latent profile analysis of PISA 2018 and 2022 in Finland, Sweden, and Iceland. Large-scale Assess Educ 13, 16 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-025-00251-0
Image Credits: AI Generated
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-025-00251-0
Keywords: Student well-being, educational disparities, pandemic, latent profile analysis, PISA, Finland, Sweden, Iceland.
