New study reveals that compassion can significantly bolster employees’ capacity to handle broken promises at work, challenging the long-held belief that compassion is synonymous with weakness. This groundbreaking research, conducted during the extraordinary circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic, uncovers not only how compassion fosters emotional resilience but also how it supports sustained job performance and reduces turnover intentions in environments marked by psychological contract breaches (PCB).
At the heart of this research lies the concept of psychological contract breach—a phenomenon where employees perceive that their employers have reneged on promised commitments. These breaches can take various forms, including unfulfilled salary increases or unexpected shifts in organizational mission. Often, such perceived betrayals provoke strong negative emotional responses from employees, including feelings of anger, disappointment, and betrayal, collectively termed violation feelings. These emotions, in turn, have profound implications for employee well-being and organizational outcomes.
The study, spearheaded by Tom Zagenczyk of North Carolina State University alongside Sara Krivacek from James Madison University, takes a novel angle by shifting focus toward individual employee attributes, especially compassionate tendencies. Notably, the researchers dissected compassion into two distinct, yet complementary dimensions: self-compassion—the kindness and care directed inward toward oneself—and other-compassion—the empathetic and benevolent regard extended toward colleagues and others in the workplace.
Conducted through a longitudinal observational design, data were meticulously gathered via three surveys spaced one month apart, involving over 400 white-collar workers based in the Netherlands. Such timing during the pandemic, when remote working eliminated many of the typical social buffers against workplace stress, provided an unparalleled vantage point to isolate the individual psychological mechanisms at play, minimizing the confounding influence of coworkers or supervisors.
The initial survey measured the frequency and intensity of psychological contract breaches experienced by participants in the preceding month. This groundwork was crucial for establishing the baseline level of workplace trust violations participants felt. The subsequent survey examined participants’ violation feelings and, crucially, quantified their levels of self- and other-compassion. Finally, the last survey probed into their job performance, emotional exhaustion, and inclinations to leave their employer.
From the collected data, a clear pattern emerged. While violation feelings were strongly predictive of emotional exhaustion—a state of chronic workplace stress marked by physical and mental fatigue—employees exhibiting higher self-compassion demonstrated remarkable protection against this exhaustion. This suggests that self-compassion acts as a psychological buffer, enabling individuals to regulate negative emotions more effectively and thereby sustain their well-being even in the face of broken workplace promises.
Complementing this, higher levels of other-compassion correlated with a lessened willingness to quit and enhanced job performance, highlighting the social dimension of workplace dynamics. Employees who cared more deeply about their colleagues appeared motivated to persevere and uphold their responsibilities, despite perceived organizational shortcomings. This insight elucidates an often overlooked aspect of workplace resilience—the power of interpersonal connection and concern to offset dissatisfaction and disengagement.
The study’s findings thus paint a more nuanced picture of compassion at work, one that dispels misconceptions about it as a liability. Instead, compassion—both toward self and others—can serve as a vital resource, strengthening emotional endurance and commitment amid challenges. This reframing echoes adjacent fields such as positive psychology and organizational behavior, where emotional intelligence and empathy increasingly occupy center stage.
Of particular interest is the researchers’ suggestion that compassion should not be regarded merely as an inherent personality trait but as a developable skill. Prior intervention studies cited by the authors demonstrate that intentional training programs can cultivate both self- and other-compassion among employees, thereby equipping them with better tools to navigate psychological contract breaches and related stressors. This potential for organizational intervention marks a promising avenue for enhancing workforce resilience on a systemic level.
Recognizing that psychological contract breaches may be an unavoidable component of organizational life—especially in volatile economic contexts—the authors advocate for firms to embed compassion training within employee development initiatives. Workshops designed to enhance self-kindness and empathetic understanding could act as a vital complement to traditional HR practices aimed at reducing turnover and maintaining productivity, lessening the harmful fallout of broken promises.
Moreover, the research opens dialogue about recruitment strategies, advising companies prone to frequent psychological contract breaches to prioritize compassion during hiring. Selecting candidates with higher baseline levels of compassion, assuming other competencies are comparable, might fortify organizational stability by fostering a workforce better equipped to withstand inevitable disappointments without disengaging.
The implications of this study extend beyond the pandemic context, though the extraordinary circumstances of remote work provided a unique experimental backdrop. As industries increasingly embrace hybrid and remote models, understanding the individual psychological factors that underpin resilience will be critical. Compassion, in its dual forms, emerges as a potentially powerful asset in this evolving workplace landscape.
In sum, this research challenges traditional perceptions, repositioning compassion as a form of psychological fortitude rather than vulnerability. It reveals that empathy and self-kindness can mitigate some of the most damaging consequences of broken promises at work—emotional exhaustion, diminished performance, and costly turnover. Organizations willing to integrate this insight stand to cultivate healthier, more resilient workforces capable of thriving amid uncertainty.
Subject of Research: People
Article Title: Softening the Blow: The Mitigating Effect of Compassion on the Negative Consequences of Psychological Contract Breach and Violation Feelings
News Publication Date: 24-May-2025
Web References:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-025-06031-8
Keywords: Psychological Contract Breach, Compassion, Self-Compassion, Other-Compassion, Emotional Resilience, Workplace Performance, Employee Turnover, Violation Feelings, Emotional Exhaustion, Remote Work, Organizational Behavior, Employee Well-being
