New research has unveiled striking similarities between two seemingly unrelated spiritual practices: Buddhist jhāna meditation and the Christian practice of speaking in tongues. Traditionally viewed as polar opposites—one being a silent, introspective practice and the other an outwardly expressive form of worship—both methods engage a shared cognitive mechanism that fosters profound states of joy, bliss, and surrender. The findings of this study may provide fresh perspectives not only on the cognitive processes behind these practices but also on the universal quest for spiritual connection transcending cultural and religious boundaries.
The study, spearheaded by Dr. Michael Lifshitz, an Assistant Professor of Psychiatry at McGill University, collaborated with researchers from Monash University and the University of Toronto. Together, they sought to explore how distinctly different spiritual practices could reveal shared psychological phenomena that lead to transformative experiences of joy and focus. Participants were observed and interviewed during jhāna meditation retreats and evangelical worship services, allowing scientists to capture the nuanced interplay of attention and emotional states inherent in both practices.
Central to the researchers’ findings is a newly identified phenomenon called the Attention, Arousal and Release Spiral. This concept outlines a cyclical process whereby practitioners focus their attention on a designated object or idea—such as the breath during meditation or the divine during prayer. This focused attention triggers a state of joy that seems to naturally enhance the effortlessness of concentration, subsequently leading practitioners into deeper states of surrender and blissful immersion. This cycle creates a reinforcing loop, where joy and surrender feed upon each other, culminating in an increasingly profound spiritual experience.
What makes this discovery particularly compelling is its implications for understanding spiritual practices through the lens of cognitive science. Lifshitz remarked that this spiraling dynamic towards deep and effortless bliss appears to be a novel insight in psychological research. The notion that widely divergent spiritual traditions could operate through similar cognitive pathways poses intriguing questions about the shared human experience of spirituality.
To ground the study, the research team sought firsthand accounts from individuals participating in both forms of spiritual expression. The participants were encouraged to articulate the subtle micro-moments experienced during their practice. How did their attention shift? What emotions surfaced? These narratives offered rich qualitative data that were crucial for constructing a framework around the Attention, Arousal and Release Spiral. In parallel, neurobiological assessments of brain activities were performed, revealing patterns indicative of heightened focus and emotional engagement during these practices.
While full neurobiological analyses are still pending, initial findings point toward a significant cognitive shift among practitioners in both groups. Emerging evidence suggests that engagement in these spiritual practices leads to heightened neural connectivity and an immersion in experiences that feel transcendent. This neural connection not only reinforces the introspective quality of meditation but also underscores the powerful, communal experience associated with speaking in tongues, fostering empathy, and emotional resonance among participants.
As the researchers move to the next phase of their study, they are set to employ advanced brain imaging techniques. By visualizing physiological changes associated with attention, arousal, and release in real-time, they aim to create a comprehensive map of the brain’s activity during these spiritual processes. Such imaging could provide invaluable insights into the exact neural pathways that contribute to experiences of joy, focus, and surrender, paving the way for a broader understanding of the human psyche in the context of spirituality.
The implications of this research extend beyond academic inquiry; they may ultimately serve as a bridge to cultivate greater mutual respect and understanding between different spiritual traditions. By recognizing that these practices share fundamental cognitive processes, individuals from varying backgrounds may find common ground, promoting a collective exploration of spirituality that values diversity while recognizing shared humanity.
In an age where discord often reigns among differing belief systems, a deeper exploration into such commonalities could foster dialogue and acceptance. Lifshitz expresses hope that understanding how these spiritual practices leverage cognitive processes could empower more people to access deep states of tranquility and bliss for themselves. By illuminating these pathways to spiritual bliss, the research taps into a collective desire for deeper connections, both within and beyond individual belief systems.
Furthermore, this work acknowledges the contemporary relevance of bridging spirituality with science. As society increasingly seeks validation of spiritual experiences through empirical means, studies like this validate not only personal experiences but also highlight the scientific legitimacy of such traditional practices. The confluence of neuroscience, psychology, and spirituality paves the way for a richer, more nuanced understanding of human consciousness.
Overall, the research exemplifies the potential of interdisciplinary studies to unravel complex dimensions of human life. By integrating qualitative experiences gathered from diverse spiritual practices with quantitative neurobiological data, the researchers strive toward a holistic perspective on spirituality. This integrated approach offers a robust framework for understanding how jhāna meditation and speaking in tongues serve not merely as isolated practices but as part of a shared quest for meaning, connectivity, and bliss.
The study was published in the American Journal of Human Biology, representing a significant contribution to the ongoing discourse about the intersection of spirituality and psychology. It underscores a fundamental truth: despite the vast differences across cultures and faiths, the human experience—steeped in the search for joy and surrender—remains a shared journey worth exploring together.
By continuing to unveil these connections, the research holds promise for enhancing individual well-being, fostering intercultural dialogue, and elevating our collective understanding of the spiritual experience. As scientists unravel the complex interplay of attention, emotion, and cognition within these practices, we are reminded of the beauty and complexity of the human spirit—one that continues to seek connection, understanding, and enlightenment across the divides of belief.
Subject of Research: People
Article Title: The Spiral of Attention, Arousal, and Release: A Comparative Phenomenology of Jhāna Meditation and Speaking in Tongues
News Publication Date: 9-Dec-2024
Web References: American Journal of Human Biology
References: 10.1002/ajhb.24189
Image Credits: Not specified.
Keywords: Attention, Meditation, Buddhism, Science and Religion, Psychological Science, Physiological Psychology, Human Biology, Neural Pathways.
