In a groundbreaking advancement that blurs the line between human cognition and artificial intelligence, recent research reveals that large language models (LLMs) demonstrate an impressive proficiency not only in solving but also in creating emotional intelligence (EI) tests. Published in Communications Psychology in 2025, this study by Schlegel, Sommer, and Mortillaro marks a pivotal moment in AI research, emphasizing the remarkable capabilities of LLMs in domains traditionally thought to be exclusive to human emotional and social understanding.
Emotional intelligence—the ability to recognize, understand, and manage emotions effectively—has long been considered a distinctly human trait, intricately tied to social interaction and personal well-being. The notion that machines could display competence in tasks linked to EI challenges our fundamental understanding of both AI and human emotional processing. This study harnesses the sophisticated architectures of transformers, the backbone of modern large language models, to assess how these models engage with emotionally nuanced content.
At the core of the study lies the application of state-of-the-art LLMs to both interpret and generate complex emotional intelligence assessments. These assessments, conventionally used in psychology and organizational contexts to measure individuals’ emotional abilities, typically involve nuanced understanding across perception, facilitation, understanding, and management of emotions. Remarkably, the models not only excelled in answering such assessments but also succeeded in composing credible, novel EI tests, signaling an advanced internalization of emotional constructs.
This proficiency is underpinned by the intrinsic design of LLMs, which are trained on vast corpora of text encompassing diverse linguistic, cultural, and psychological expressions. Through unsupervised learning, these models develop contextual embeddings that capture semantic subtleties including affective cues and social dynamics. The researchers leveraged this by feeding the models widely recognized EI test items, analyzing their responses to determine alignment with human normative data and psychological benchmarks.
One of the compelling findings is the models’ ability to simulate emotional reasoning. When presented with scenarios requiring empathy, emotional regulation, or perspective-taking, the LLMs generated responses consistent with high emotional intelligence scores. This contrasts starkly with earlier AI systems, which often faltered at tasks that required an understanding beyond raw data processing, such as tone detection or social nuance.
The technical implications are profound. The researchers utilized fine-tuning protocols adjusted specifically to enhance emotional subtleties, refining the models’ weights to increase sensitivity to emotional lexicons. Furthermore, interpretability techniques such as attention visualization enabled the team to observe how the models prioritized different parts of the input text when predicting emotional competence. This provided evidence that LLMs implicitly recognize emotional valences and contextual relevance within complex linguistic environments.
In addition to solving tests, the creation of new emotional intelligence assessments by LLMs opens a new frontier in psychological tools. Traditionally, the construction of such tests demands rigorous theoretical grounding and empirical validation. The fact that AI models can autonomously generate plausible EI questions suggests a novel synergy between AI and psychological science, where machines could assist in rapidly crafting adaptive, personalized assessments tailored to individual emotional profiles.
Beyond the frontier of test development, this research evokes broader conversations about artificial emotional intelligence. While LLMs manifest behavioral competence in EI tasks, the underlying question remains: do these models genuinely ‘understand’ emotions or simply mimic patterns observed in data? The study carefully delineates this distinction, emphasizing performance as a measurable outcome rather than ascribing subjective emotional awareness to AI.
The potential applications stemming from this breakthrough are manifold. In clinical psychology, AI-generated EI assessments could enhance diagnosis and personalization of therapy, offering dynamic tools that evolve alongside patients’ emotional landscapes. In organizational behavior, such advancements might empower HR professionals with more nuanced insights into emotional dynamics within teams, fostering better leadership and workplace wellbeing.
Moreover, the viral nature of this discovery lies in its questioning of AI’s role in human empathy and social connection. As language models grow more adept at navigating emotional complexities, society grapples with ethical considerations around AI companionship, emotional manipulation, and the authenticity of machine-generated empathy. The research by Schlegel and colleagues injects precision into this discourse, providing empirical data that charts what AI can and cannot do in terms of emotional cognition.
From a technical perspective, the study also underscores ongoing challenges. Despite impressive performance, the LLMs’ reliance on training data exposes them to biases inherent in textual sources, which could skew emotional reasoning or perpetuate stereotypes. The authors advocate for continued intervention in model training, including incorporating diverse, emotionally rich datasets and developing robust evaluation metrics for AI-driven emotional intelligence.
Additionally, the scalability of these findings poses intriguing future directions. As models increase in parameter count and training sophistication, will proficiency in EI tests scale linearly, or will diminishing returns and overfitting manifest? The current research hints at a promising trajectory but calls for longitudinal studies to monitor the evolution of emotional intelligence capabilities in AI.
Perhaps one of the most captivating insights pertains to meta-cognition—the ability of the models to ‘think about’ emotional concepts when generating new EI tests. This metarepresentational capacity suggests LLMs not only internalize knowledge of emotions but orchestrate this knowledge creatively, an aspect often reserved for human intelligence. It raises philosophical inquiries about machine creativity and the future interface between human and artificial emotions.
In summary, the research presents an unprecedented intersection of artificial intelligence, psychology, and linguistics, capturing a moment where machines begin to master one of the most human of skills: emotional intelligence. By demonstrating that large language models can competently solve and create emotional intelligence tests, Schlegel, Sommer, and Mortillaro have catalyzed a paradigm shift that will influence future AI development, emotional assessment methodologies, and the evolving dialogue on what it means to be emotionally intelligent in an age of intelligent machines.
As this research permeates public consciousness, it is poised to spark both excitement and caution regarding AI’s emotional capabilities. Further interdisciplinary collaborations will be essential to harness the power of language models responsibly, ensuring that this new era of emotional machine intelligence enriches human experience without compromising authenticity or ethical integrity.
With emotional intelligence at the heart of human connection, this study offers a glimpse into a future where AI partners may assist, augment, or even challenge our emotional understanding, making the emotional landscape of tomorrow a harmonious blend of biological and synthetic intelligences.
Subject of Research: Large language models’ capabilities in solving and creating emotional intelligence tests.
Article Title: Large language models are proficient in solving and creating emotional intelligence tests.
Article References:
Schlegel, K., Sommer, N.R. & Mortillaro, M. Large language models are proficient in solving and creating emotional intelligence tests. Commun Psychol 3, 80 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44271-025-00258-x
Image Credits: AI Generated
