The Hidden Power of Diabetes Drugs in Preserving Kidney Function
Type 2 diabetes is a prevalent metabolic disorder often associated with the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a leading ...
![\"Arctic](\"https:\/\/scienmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Promising-antibiotic-candidates-discovered-in-microbes-deep-in-the-Arctic.jpeg\")
<\/p>\nAntibiotics are the linchpin of modern medicine: without them, anyone with open wounds or needing to undergo surgery would be at constant risk of dangerous infections. Yet we continue to face a global antibiotics crisis, as more and more resistant strains of bacteria are evolving, while the rate of discovery of fundamentally new antibiotics has been much slower.<\/p>\n
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Credit: Teppo R\u00e4m\u00e4<\/p>\n
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Antibiotics are the linchpin of modern medicine: without them, anyone with open wounds or needing to undergo surgery would be at constant risk of dangerous infections. Yet we continue to face a global antibiotics crisis, as more and more resistant strains of bacteria are evolving, while the rate of discovery of fundamentally new antibiotics has been much slower.<\/p>\n
But there is reason for hope: 70% of all currently licensed antibiotics have been derived from actinobacteria in the soil, and most environments on Earth have not yet been prospected for them. Thus, focusing the search on actinobacteria in other habitats is a promising strategy \u2013 especially if this were to yield novel molecules that neither kill bacteria outright nor stop them from growing, but only reduce their \u2018virulence\u2019 or capacity for causing disease. This is because it is hard for targeted pathogenic strains to evolve resistance under these conditions, while such antivirulence compounds are also less likely to cause unwanted side-effects.<\/p>\n
\u201cHere we show how advanced screening assays can identify antivirulence and antibacterial metabolites from actinobacteria extracts,\u201d said Dr P\u00e4ivi Tammela, a professor at the University of Helsinki, Finland, and the corresponding author of a new study in Frontiers in Microbiology<\/em><\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n \u201cWe discovered a compound that inhibits enteropathogenic E. coli<\/em> (EPEC) virulence without affecting its growth, and a growth-inhibiting compound, both in actinobacteria from the Arctic Ocean.\u201d<\/p>\n Automated screening of candidate compounds<\/em><\/p>\n Tammela and colleagues developed a new suite of methods that can test for the antivirulence and antibacterial effect of hundreds of unknown compounds simultaneously. They targeted an EPEC strain that causes severe \u2013 and sometimes deadly \u2013 diarrhea in children under five, especially in developing countries. EPEC causes disease by adhering to cells in the human gut. Once it adheres to these cells, EPEC injects so-called \u2018virulence factors\u2019 into the host cell to hijack its molecular machinery, ultimately killing it.<\/p>\n The tested compounds were derived from four species of actinobacteria, isolated from invertebrates sampled in the Arctic Sea off Svalbard during an expedition of the Norwegian research vessel \u2018Kronprins Haakon\u2019 in August 2020. These bacteria were then cultured, their cells extracted, and their contents separated into fractions. Each fraction was then tested in vitro<\/em>, against EPEC adhering to cultured colorectal cancer cells.<\/p>\n The researchers found two unknown compounds with strong antivirulence or antibacterial activity: one from an unknown strain (called T091-5) in the genus Rhodococcus, <\/em>and another from an unknown strain (T160-2) of Kocuria<\/em>.<\/p>\n Powerful antivirulence effects<\/em><\/p>\n The compounds showed two complementary types of biological activity. First, by inhibiting the formation of so-called \u2018actin pedestals\u2019 by EPEC bacteria, a key step by which this pathogen attaches to the host\u2019s gut lining. Second, by inhibiting the binding of EPEC to the so-called Tir receptor on the host cell\u2019s surface, a step necessary to rewire its intracellular processes and cause disease.<\/p>\n Unlike the compounds from T160-2, the compound from T091-5 didn\u2019t slow down the growth of EPEC bacteria. This means that T091-5 is the most promising strain of the two, as EPEC is less likely to ultimately evolve resistance against its antivirulence effects.<\/p>\n With advanced analytical techniques, the authors determined that the active compound from T091-5 was most likely a phospholipid: a class of fatty phosphorus-containing molecules that play important roles in cell metabolism.<\/p>\n \u201cThe next steps are the optimization of the culture conditions for compound production and the isolation of sufficient amounts of each compound to elucidate their respective structures and further investigate their respective bioactivities,\u201d said Tammela.<\/p>\n Frontiers in Microbiology<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n 10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1432475 <\/i><\/a><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n Experimental study<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n Cells<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n Bioprospecting of inhibitors of EPEC virulence from metabolites of marine actinobacteria from the Arctic Sea<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n 30-Aug-2024<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Antibiotics are the linchpin of modern medicine: without them, anyone with open wounds or needing to undergo surgery would be at constant risk of dangerous infections. Yet we continue to face a global antibiotics crisis, as more and more resistant strains of bacteria are evolving, while the rate of discovery of fundamentally new antibiotics has […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":19338,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"jnews_social_meta":[],"jnews_override_counter":[],"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19337","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-biology"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/scienmag.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/Promising-antibiotic-candidates-discovered-in-microbes-deep-in-the-Arctic-rotated.jpeg","jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/scienmag.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19337","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/scienmag.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/scienmag.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scienmag.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scienmag.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19337"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/scienmag.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19337\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scienmag.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19338"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/scienmag.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19337"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scienmag.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19337"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/scienmag.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19337"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
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