In a landmark move to accelerate the deployment of advanced nuclear technologies, the U.S. Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has entered into a $27 million strategic partnership with Kairos Power, a pioneering clean energy company. This collaboration aims to leverage ORNL’s world-class scientific expertise and cutting-edge facilities to advance the development of Kairos Power’s novel fluoride salt-cooled high-temperature reactor (FHR) design. This next-generation nuclear reactor promises a paradigm shift in safe, reliable, and efficient energy production, ushering in a new era for U.S. nuclear power generation.
Kairos Power’s FHR technology utilizes molten fluoride salt as its primary coolant combined with Tristructural Isotropic (TRISO) fuel particles housed within fuel pebbles. This design is engineered to deliver inherent safety features and operational efficiencies that are difficult to achieve with conventional nuclear reactors. The partnership with ORNL will enable rigorous testing and validation of these innovative reactor components and systems, facilitating a smoother transition from conceptual design to commercial deployment. Central to this endeavor is the Hermes demonstration reactor, currently under construction in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, with the ultimate objective of scaling toward widespread adoption across the energy grid.
One of the defining characteristics of this collaboration is ORNL’s historical and technical leadership in molten salt reactor technology. Sixty years ago, ORNL pioneered the proof-of-concept for the world’s first molten salt reactor, a breakthrough that demonstrated the viability of using molten salts instead of water as coolant—a key principle underpinning today’s FHR designs. This legacy is instrumental as ORNL provides not only expertise but also state-of-the-art manufacturing capabilities, including additive manufacturing techniques, to fabricate reactor components comprised of ceramics, carbon composites, and metallic materials designed to withstand extremely high temperatures and chemical corrosion.
The partnership’s technical scope is comprehensive, extending deeply into fuel development and reactor materials science. ORNL will critically assess the manufacturing processes of TRISO fuel particles to ensure product quality. TRISO, with its triple-layered particle design, is renowned for its exceptional ability to retain fission products even under high-temperature reactor conditions, significantly augmenting safety. By analyzing pebble properties and establishing robust quality control infrastructure, the partnership addresses essential factors that directly impact reactor performance and longevity.
Irradiated fuel performance under operational conditions will also be scrutinized extensively at ORNL’s specialized facilities, including the Manufacturing Demonstration Facility and the Irradiated Fuels Examination Laboratory. This testing will simulate the extreme environments the fuel will encounter in the Hermes reactor, providing indispensable data that informs fuel fabrication techniques and ongoing reactor design improvements. Additionally, managing spent fuel pebbles with an eye toward on-site storage, transportation logistics, and eventual disposal is a critical facet of reactor sustainability and regulatory compliance addressed in this consortium.
Another innovative facet of this collaboration is the development of remote maintenance systems. Operating reactors in highly radioactive and corrosive salt environments necessitates robotic and remote technologies capable of performing maintenance tasks under simultaneous exposure to radiation, high temperature, and chemically aggressive salts. ORNL’s contributions in this area will mitigate operational risks, optimize reactor uptime, and exemplify how advanced manufacturing and automation intertwine with nuclear technology to empower future reactor designs.
Kairos Power benefits significantly from Department of Energy support, receiving up to $303 million through the Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program to mature its molten salt reactor design. This large-scale federal investment underscores the strategic importance of these technologies in meeting national energy demands resiliently and sustainably. Ed Blandford, Kairos Power’s Chief Technology Officer and co-founder, emphasized the value of ORNL’s unique capabilities and decades-long expertise, noting that such collaborations are critical for safely advancing promising reactor technologies from theory to reality.
The strategic partnership also benefits from the rich nuclear innovation ecosystem within the Oak Ridge Corridor, a region renowned for being a global hub of nuclear science and engineering. This region echoes a dynamic synergy between ORNL, academic institutions such as the University of Tennessee Knoxville’s nuclear engineering program, industry leaders, and governmental bodies like the Tennessee Valley Authority. This confluence of expertise, infrastructure, and economic energy fosters a vibrant nuclear energy cluster that is uniquely positioned to lead in the 21st century’s clean energy transition.
The broader context for these advancements lies in an urgent national need to scale energy production amid growing demand driven by industrial manufacturing expansion and the digital economy, including data centers. To reliably meet this surge while mitigating carbon emissions, nuclear power capacity must grow dramatically. Advanced reactors like Kairos Power’s FHR offer a path toward resilient base-load power that complements renewable energy sources within a decarbonized grid architecture.
Drawing on ORNL’s decades of research and development, which have enabled U.S. nuclear plants to boost power output by 60% since 1990, this partnership is poised to continue the tradition of nuclear innovation that balances performance, safety, and economic viability. Chris Petrie, interim section head of Nuclear Fuel Development at ORNL, highlighted how iterative testing and a systematic approach to reactor development at ORNL’s facilities facilitate accelerated learning cycles fostering rapid technology maturation and deployment readiness.
Lastly, from a national strategic viewpoint, this partnership exemplifies ORNL’s commitment to strengthening U.S. energy security by advancing a diversified portfolio of nuclear technologies. The synergy between federal investments, national laboratory capabilities, and private enterprise innovation creates a powerful engine for scientific discovery and scalable clean energy deployment. As energy landscapes evolve, these partnerships ensure that nuclear energy remains a cornerstone of America’s clean, reliable energy future.
Subject of Research: Advanced nuclear reactor technology development focusing on fluoride salt-cooled high-temperature reactors (FHR) and TRISO fuel applications.
Article Title: Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Kairos Power Forge $27 Million Partnership to Accelerate Next-Generation Nuclear Reactors
News Publication Date: Not explicitly stated in the original content.
Web References:
– https://www.ornl.gov/molten-salt-reactor/history
– https://www.energy.gov/science/office-science
Image Credits: Credit: Kairos Power
Keywords
Nuclear energy, National laboratories, Advanced nuclear reactors, Molten salt reactors, TRISO fuel, Fluoride salt coolant, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Kairos Power, Advanced manufacturing, Nuclear fuel development, Energy innovation, Clean energy technology
