In recent years, the field of psychedelic medicine has undergone a remarkable resurgence, largely thanks to the pioneering efforts of researchers like Dr. Stephen Ross of New York University School of Medicine. Dr. Ross’s journey into the therapeutic potential of psychedelics began serendipitously in 2006, when a chance conversation sparked his curiosity toward an area of psychiatry that had been largely sidelined for decades. This newfound interest has since catalyzed what experts now call the “second wave” of psychedelic research, rekindling scientific, clinical, and cultural interest in compounds once relegated to the peripheries of medical science.
The therapeutic use of psychedelics is far from new. Between the 1950s and early 1970s, over 40,000 participants took part in clinical studies exploring psychedelics’ promise for treating a range of psychiatric disorders, amassing a substantial corpus of research—over 1,000 published articles—that is virtually forgotten today. Dr. Ross emphasizes that this significant body of knowledge disappeared from psychiatric curricula and clinical practice following the Controlled Substances Act of 1970, which criminalized these compounds and effectively stymied research. This historical oversight, he explains, led to a profound gap in psychiatric education, leaving an entire generation of clinicians unaware of psychedelics’ therapeutic potential.
Dr. Ross’s NYU Psychedelic Research Group, founded in 2006, aimed to revive and expand this promising domain. Among his most notable studies is the landmark 2016 randomized controlled trial that examined psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for patients with advanced cancer suffering from anxiety, depression, and existential distress. This trial was groundbreaking not only for its scientific rigor but also for its profound findings: a single psilocybin session, when combined with supportive psychotherapy, yielded rapid, sustained alleviation of psychological symptoms. The results resonated widely, captivating public and scientific audiences alike, and earning front-page coverage in the New York Times.
What made these findings particularly remarkable was the speed and durability of clinical improvement observed after just one dose of psilocybin. Unlike conventional psychiatric medications—which typically require daily administration over extended periods—psilocybin induced profound transformations in mood, anxiety, and existential well-being within hours that persisted for months. Approximately 75% of participants rated their psychedelic experience as one of the most meaningful and memorable of their lives, underscoring the depth of the intervention’s impact. These findings challenge prevailing paradigms in psychiatry by suggesting that a small number of psychedelic-assisted sessions may catalyze long-lasting changes in brain and mind.
Building on the success of cancer-related distress studies, Dr. Ross expanded his investigations into other difficult-to-treat psychiatric conditions. Notably, his 2022 JAMA Psychiatry-published clinical trial explored psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy for alcohol use disorder. This study revealed significant reductions in heavy drinking days following just two psilocybin sessions combined with psychotherapy, effects that persisted over an eight-month follow-up period. Such findings open promising avenues for addictions treatment, a notoriously challenging field where existing pharmacological and behavioral interventions often yield limited success rates.
The mechanisms underlying these sustained therapeutic effects remain an active area of inquiry. Neurobiological studies suggest that psychedelics like psilocybin modulate the brain’s default mode network (DMN)—a set of interconnected regions implicated in self-referential thought and rumination. Psilocybin appears to transiently disrupt rigid DMN activity, promoting neural plasticity and heightened emotional processing that may facilitate the psychological breakthroughs observed in therapy. Additionally, psychedelics induce profound alterations in consciousness, fostering experiences of ego dissolution, interconnectedness, and meaning that may underpin the rapid and enduring clinical benefits.
Dr. Ross’s research portfolio also includes recent work on major depressive disorder (MDD). As senior author of a phase 2 multi-center clinical trial published in JAMA in 2023, he reported that a single dose of psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy elicited rapid, clinically significant, and sustained reductions in depressive symptoms. These data reinforce the potential for psychedelic therapies to complement or even supplant traditional antidepressants, which often require weeks to months to yield partial relief and carry burdensome side effect profiles.
Currently, Dr. Ross is spearheading the largest NIH-funded clinical trial of psilocybin therapy aimed at alleviating emotional and spiritual distress in cancer patients. This landmark funding marks a pivotal moment in the field, representing the first major NIH grant awarded to psychedelic research in more than 50 years. The study seeks not only to replicate earlier promising findings but also to establish a regulatory foundation for integrating psilocybin therapy into mainstream oncological and palliative care settings.
Furthermore, Dr. Ross is pioneering explorations of psychedelic therapy’s applicability beyond psychiatric diagnoses, including potential uses in treating chronic pain and addressing fear of cancer recurrence in early-stage breast cancer patients. These expansions reflect a broader conceptual evolution, wherein psychedelics are not merely repositioned as mental health agents but as modulators of complex biopsychosocial suffering patterns that span psychiatry, oncology, and pain medicine.
Despite his groundbreaking advances, Dr. Ross acknowledges the professional challenges that accompanied his commitment to psychedelic research. When he embarked on this path, several mentors cautioned him that his focus on psychedelics could derail his career, labeling the area a “road to nowhere.” Nevertheless, his perseverance highlights the importance of intellectual courage and resilience in the face of entrenched scientific skepticism and regulatory hurdles.
The ongoing mainstreaming of psychedelic therapies poses significant implications for healthcare systems. Integration into cancer centers, addiction treatment facilities, and palliative programs would necessitate new clinical infrastructures, including specialized training for therapists, development of ethical guidelines, and frameworks to ensure patient safety and accessibility. Dr. Ross’s work not only advances the scientific basis of these therapies but also illuminates the systemic changes required to translate research discoveries into widespread clinical practice.
Stephen Ross’s contributions exemplify the reawakening of psychedelic medicine as a frontier in mental health and broader medical care. His work, blending clinical acumen, rigorous trials, and compassionate application, redefines the potential for psychedelics to address some of the most intractable psychiatric and medical conditions. As regulatory landscapes evolve and public acceptance grows, his research paves the way for a paradigm shift that could reshape psychiatry and oncology, bringing hope and healing through experiences “hidden in plain sight” for decades.
Subject of Research: People
Article Title: Stephen Ross: Psychedelic-assisted therapies for difficult-to-treat psychiatric and medical disorders
News Publication Date: 10-Jun-2025
Web References:
http://dx.doi.org/10.61373/pp025k.0017
Image Credits: Stephen Ross, MD
Keywords: Psychedelic medicine, psilocybin, psychiatric disorders, cancer-related distress, psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy, substance use disorder, major depressive disorder, neurobiology, default mode network, clinical trials, NIH-funded research, psychedelic therapy integration
