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Respiratory allergies: newly discovered molecule plays a major role in triggering inflammation

April 10, 2024
in Medicine
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Respiratory allergies: newly discovered molecule plays a major role in triggering inflammation
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The inflammation process plays a crucial role in allergic respiratory diseases, such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. Although the pulmonary epithelium, the carpet of cells that forms the inner surface of the lungs, is recognised as a major player in the respiratory inflammation that causes these diseases, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood.

Respiratory allergies: newly discovered molecule plays a major role in triggering inflammation

Credit: © Jean-Philippe GIRARD – IPBS (CNRS/UT3 Paul Sabatier)

The inflammation process plays a crucial role in allergic respiratory diseases, such as asthma and allergic rhinitis. Although the pulmonary epithelium, the carpet of cells that forms the inner surface of the lungs, is recognised as a major player in the respiratory inflammation that causes these diseases, the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood.

A research team has identified one of the molecules responsible for triggering these allergic reactions, in a study co-led by two CNRS and Inserm scientists working at l’Institut de pharmacologie et de biologie structural (CNRS/Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier). This molecule from the alarmin family, named TL1A, is released by lung epithelium cells a few minutes after exposure to a mould-type allergen. It cooperates with another alarmin, interleukin-33, to alert the immune system. This double alarm signal stimulates the activity of immune cells, triggering a cascade of reactions responsible for allergic inflammation.

Alarmins, therefore, constitute major therapeutic targets for the treatment of respiratory allergic diseases. In a few years’ time, treatments based on antibodies blocking the TL1A alarmin could benefit patients suffering from severe asthma or other allergic diseases. In France, at least 17 million people are affected by allergic diseases2 with the most severe forms of asthma being responsible for several hundred deaths every year3.

Notes :

  1. This study was supported by the ANR.
  2. According to the Ministère du travail, de la santé et des solidarités : https://sante.gouv.fr/sante-et-environnement/air-exterieur/pollens-et-allergies/article/effets-des-pollens-sur-la-sante; 13/04/2023
  3. According to Santé Publique France : https://www.santepubliquefrance.fr/maladies-et-traumatismes/maladies-liees-au-travail/asthme; 25/10/2023

 



Journal

Journal of Experimental Medicine

DOI

10.1084/jem.20231236

Article Title

TL1A is an epithelial alarmin that cooperates with IL-33 for initiation of allergic airway inflammation.

Article Publication Date

10-Apr-2024

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