In an era where cognitive function assessment is paramount for ensuring public safety, particularly among older adults, researchers are continually seeking innovative tools that marry cultural relevance with rigorous psychometrics. A groundbreaking study led by Hosseinabadi, Najafi, Naseri, and colleagues has introduced a culturally sensitive and scientifically robust instrument designed to evaluate divided attention capacity among Persian-speaking older male drivers. Their work, published in the anticipated 2026 volume of BMC Psychology, offers profound implications for both cognitive neuroscience and road safety frameworks worldwide.
Divided attention, the cognitive process of managing multiple tasks or sources of information simultaneously, is a critical function that deteriorates with age. This deterioration can compromise complex activities such as driving, where attentional lapses may result in catastrophic outcomes. Traditional evaluation methods often lack the nuance to accurately capture this decrement across diverse populations due to cultural and linguistic differences. Recognizing this gap, the research team embarked on an ambitious cross-cultural adaptation of the Divided Attention Questionnaire (DAQ), tailoring it to the Persian-speaking demographic for the first time.
The methodology behind this adaptation is particularly noteworthy. Cross-cultural adaptation in psychometrics transcends mere linguistic translation; it involves an intricate process of semantic, experiential, and conceptual equivalence. The team employed a structured approach involving forward and backward translation, expert panel reviews, and pilot testing to ensure that the Persian version retained the integrity and sensitivity of the original instrument. This rigorous process is designed to preserve the questionnaire’s validity while making it culturally resonant and cognitively accessible to older male drivers in Iran.
One of the key innovations in this study lies in its psychometric validation framework. The researchers utilized both classical test theory and modern psychometric techniques such as confirmatory factor analysis to interrogate the questionnaire’s reliability and construct validity. The rigorous statistical analysis confirmed that the Persian Divided Attention Questionnaire (P-DAQ) not only maintained factorial consistency but also exhibited excellent internal consistency metrics. These findings highlight the robustness of the adapted instrument in reliably assessing divided attention across individuals.
Furthermore, the study sheds light on the real-world applicability of the P-DAQ. By focusing on male older drivers, a demographic especially vulnerable to cognitive decline yet underrepresented in cognitive assessment paradigms, the instrument serves as a crucial screening tool. The nuances captured by the questionnaire could inform tailored interventions to prolong safe driving practices, potentially reducing accident rates and enhancing community well-being.
The importance of culturally grounded cognitive assessments cannot be overstated. Cognitive tests rooted in Western paradigms often fail to account for cultural constructs shaping attention deployment and multitasking behaviors. The P-DAQ fills this void by reflecting socio-cultural factors influencing divided attention in Iranian society, such as driving habits, environmental stimuli, and communication styles, thereby presenting a more ecologically valid cognitive portrait.
Moreover, this research contributes to the expanding intersection of neuropsychology, gerontology, and transportation safety. By bridging these domains, the study underscores the multidimensional nature of cognitive health in aging populations. The psychometric rigor embedded in the P-DAQ’s construction equips clinicians, researchers, and policy makers with a scientifically validated tool that transcends conventional assessment boundaries.
This development also speaks to broader trends in health technology and personalized medicine. Tools like the P-DAQ could be integrated into digital health platforms, enabling continuous monitoring of cognitive functions with minimal burden. Such integration could spearhead preventative strategies that anticipate attention-related decline before manifesting in hazardous behaviors, such as impaired driving.
While the current study focuses exclusively on male older drivers in Iran, it opens the door for further international cross-cultural validations. Adapting and validating similar tools across diverse linguistic and cultural groups can enhance global understanding of attention dynamics in aging. Such initiatives would fuel comparative cognitive neuroscience and help establish universal, yet culturally tailored, cognitive health benchmarks.
In addition to its direct applications, the study highlights the ethical imperatives of research inclusivity. Cognitive assessments designed and validated within the cultural and linguistic contexts of diverse populations combat systemic biases and promote equity in healthcare. The P-DAQ exemplifies this paradigm by acknowledging and respecting the unique lived experiences of Persian-speaking older adults.
The publication of this research in a leading psychological journal underscores the scientific community’s recognition of the urgent need for culturally competent cognitive assessment tools. It also validates the interdisciplinary collaboration among psychologists, linguists, epidemiologists, and cognitive neuroscientists who contributed to the instrument’s development. This collective expertise enhances the P-DAQ’s credibility and enhances its potential uptake within clinical and research settings.
In conclusion, the pioneering work by Hosseinabadi and colleagues represents a significant leap forward in the domain of cognitive health assessment for older adults. The meticulous process of cross-cultural adaptation paired with rigorous psychometric evaluation has produced a tool poised to influence clinical practice and public health policy in Iran and beyond. As aging populations proliferate worldwide, instruments like the P-DAQ will become increasingly vital in safeguarding the cognitive integrity and autonomy of older individuals in their everyday activities, particularly in contexts as critical as driving.
Looking ahead, the integration of such validated tools into broader cognitive health surveillance systems could transform preventive healthcare approaches. Continuous refinement and expansion to include female drivers and differing age cohorts would further extend the P-DAQ’s applicability and efficacy. Overall, this study charts a promising path forward, blending cultural sensitivity with scientific rigor to enhance human cognitive health assessments in an increasingly globalized world.
Subject of Research:
Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric evaluation of a cognitive assessment tool for divided attention among Persian-speaking older male drivers.
Article Title:
Divided attention assessment: cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Divided Attention Questionnaire (P-DAQ) among male older drivers.
Article References:
Hosseinabadi, R., Najafi, H., Naseri, F. et al. Divided attention assessment: cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Divided Attention Questionnaire (P-DAQ) among male older drivers. BMC Psychol (2026). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-026-03983-y
Image Credits:
AI Generated
