Most Afghans support women’s rights, especially when men think of their daughters

A majority of people in Afghanistan support human rights for Afghan women, and men are especially likely to support women’s rights when primed to think about their eldest daughters, according to a study published July 17, 2024, in the open-access journal PLOS ONE, by Kristina Becvar and colleagues from the University of Massachusetts at Amherst.

Human rights groups have been concerned for the rights of Afghan women in particular since the Taliban took control of Kabul in 2021. Since then, Afghan women have been barred from higher education, many have lost jobs, and there are high levels of early marriage and gender-based violence. To find out how groups might effectively advocate for women’s rights in the country, the authors conducted an online survey of Afghans, asking how they felt about women’s rights to education, employment, and more.

Among the 7,513 respondents to the question of support for women’s rights, the authors found that 66 percent of respondents “agreed” or “strongly agreed” that human rights for women were a top priority for the future of Afghanistan — including 45 percent of those who strongly supported the Taliban’s control of the country. Women, people living in urban areas, and people who rated themselves lower on the economic ladder were most likely to voice support. The authors also found support for the “first daughters” effect—the research that shows that having a daughter affects a father’s attitudes toward women. The authors showed that when fathers were primed to think of their eldest daughters, they were significantly more likely to support women’s rights, with support rising to 80%. Furthermore, in the comments that survey respondents provided, after being primed to think of their eldest daughters men were four percent more likely to mention equality as an important right, two percent more likely to say women’s rights are good for society, and three percent more likely to call for international pressure on the Taliban in support for women’s rights. 

While the survey could only examine the proportion of the Afghan population who use the internet, the authors suggest that human rights organizations could work to appeal to the fathers of eldest daughters to support women and girls.

The authors add: “Our data shows Afghans – even Taliban-aligned Afghans – overwhelmingly support women’s basic human rights, and that fathers of eldest daughters are a particularly receptive constituency in elevating women’s status in Afghan society.”

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Citation: Becvar K, Carpenter C, Leidner B, Young KL (2024) The “First daughter” effect: Human rights advocacy and attitudes toward gender equality in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan. PLoS ONE 19(7): e0298812.

Author Countries: USA

Funding: This research was supported by the National Science Foundation RAPID grant #2204990, “Citizen Perspectives on Peace, Security and Human Rights in a Post-Conflict Environment,” awarded to C.P. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. There was no additional external funding received for this study. Funder information available at: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2204990.