A groundbreaking review recently published in Acta Materia Medica unveils the multifaceted roles of S phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2), highlighting its emerging significance beyond classical cell cycle regulation. Traditionally recognized as the critical substrate receptor within the SKP1-Cullin1-F-box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, SKP2 orchestrates proteasomal degradation pathways that control cell proliferation. However, accumulating evidence now positions SKP2 as a central signaling hub integral to diverse biological processes, reshaping our understanding of cellular homeostasis and disease mechanisms.
At the molecular level, SKP2 functions within the Cullin1-SKP2-CKS1 complex to recognize and target specific protein substrates for ubiquitylation, primarily through K48-linked chains that direct proteins to the proteasome. This canonical activity governs the orderly progression of the cell cycle by timely elimination of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Yet, recent insights reveal a complex assembly architecture and substrate specificity that extend SKP2’s influence into noncanonical ubiquitin signaling, including K63-linked ubiquitination pivotal for signaling amplification rather than degradation.
Beyond cell cycle control, SKP2 intricately governs metabolic reprogramming—a hallmark of cancer and other disorders—by modulating key metabolic enzymes and regulatory factors. This metabolic nexus enables cells to adapt bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands in response to environmental cues. Furthermore, SKP2 actively participates in DNA damage response pathways, facilitating genome stability by regulating the turnover and function of DNA repair proteins, thereby safeguarding genomic integrity against stressors that could otherwise precipitate malignancy.
The review further elaborates SKP2’s crucial involvement in stem cell biology, where it balances self-renewal and differentiation. SKP2’s control over the degradation of cell fate determinants maintains stem cell pools while permitting lineage commitment. In parallel, SKP2 influences synaptic plasticity, mediating neuronal connectivity and memory processes through ubiquitin-dependent modulation of synaptic proteins—underscoring its emerging relevance in neurobiology.
Dysregulation of SKP2 is implicated in diverse pathological contexts. Notably, in aggressive malignancies such as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), SKP2 overexpression correlates with poor prognosis, driven by its ability to promote unchecked proliferation, metabolic adaptations, and evasion of apoptosis. Moreover, aberrant SKP2 activity disrupts neural homeostasis, contributing to neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s, where impaired protein degradation pathways exacerbate pathogenic protein accumulation.
Therapeutically, SKP2 represents an attractive yet challenging target. The review charts the evolution of pharmacological strategies, beginning with first-generation protein-protein interaction inhibitors designed to disrupt SKP2’s substrate recruitment. Despite some success, these inhibitors often lack potency and specificity. Recent advances have birthed next-generation modalities, such as induced-proximity degraders like SKPer1, which harness the cell’s own ubiquitin-proteasome system to induce selective SKP2 degradation. Cutting-edge PROTAC (Proteolysis Targeting Chimera) technology further exemplifies this paradigm shift, offering high-efficiency, targeted protein knockdown with potential clinical translational impact.
The discussion also delves into the biochemical and structural challenges that hamper effective drug development against SKP2. Its flexible interaction interfaces, involvement in multiple signaling pathways, and the risk of off-target effects complicate therapeutic design. Addressing these hurdles requires sophisticated screening platforms, comprehensive understanding of SKP2’s interactome, and rational optimization of degrader molecules to enhance specificity and pharmacokinetics.
Bridging fundamental molecular biology with clinical oncology and neuroscience, this comprehensive review highlights SKP2 as a linchpin in cellular regulation with far-reaching implications. Its dual roles in proteasomal degradation and noncanonical signaling pathways underscore a complex biological versatility that necessitates nuanced investigational approaches. Future research focusing on elucidating the context-dependent functions of SKP2 will be crucial to exploiting its full therapeutic potential.
Published in the 2026 volume of Acta Materia Medica, this synthesis integrates multidisciplinary findings to chart a forward path in SKP2-centered research and drug discovery. It serves as a clarion call for the scientific community to intensify efforts in decoding SKP2’s multidimensional biology to unveil novel treatments for cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
With molecular biology advancing rapidly, SKP2 exemplifies how proteins once thought to serve limited roles are increasingly understood as dynamic hubs coordinating complex cellular networks. The evolving drug discovery landscape around SKP2 signifies progress toward next-generation precision medicine, wherein targeted degradation rather than mere inhibition may become the gold standard for tackling challenging diseases.
In summary, SKP2 stands at the crossroads of pivotal cellular processes and disease pathogenesis. Its comprehensive characterization rekindles prospects for successful intervention strategies, potentially transforming therapeutic outcomes for devastating conditions like advanced cancers and Alzheimer’s disease.
Subject of Research: The multifaceted biological roles of S phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) and its implications in disease and therapy
Article Title: The multidimensional biology of SKP2: mechanisms, pathologies, and emerging therapeutic frontiers
News Publication Date: 2026
Web References: http://dx.doi.org/10.15212/AMM-2025-0094
References: Tao Hou, Xiangmei Hua, Peiqiang Yan et al., Acta Materia Medica, Vol. 5(1), pp. 113-143, 2026.
Keywords: SKP2, ubiquitin ligase, cell cycle, metabolic reprogramming, DNA damage response, stem cell maintenance, synaptic plasticity, cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, targeted degradation, PROTAC, SKPer1
