In the evolving landscape of cancer treatment, the intersection of physical exercise and clinical outcomes is garnering unprecedented attention. A recent correction published in BMC Cancer revisits a pivotal study protocol that examines the impact of resistance exercise on sarcopenia among breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This study marks a crucial step forward in understanding how targeted physical interventions might mitigate muscle wasting—a frequent and debilitating side effect in cancer therapy.
Sarcopenia, characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, presents a significant risk factor for adverse clinical outcomes in cancer patients. Particularly in breast cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy, where systemic toxicity often exacerbates muscle degradation, sarcopenia can compromise both treatment tolerance and overall survival. This research protocol outlines a carefully designed randomized controlled trial intending to evaluate the efficacy of structured resistance training as a therapeutic adjunct.
The intervention focuses on resistance exercise targeting muscle groups most affected by cancer-induced cachexia. Resistance training is hypothesized to counteract muscle atrophy by stimulating anabolic pathways, enhancing muscle protein synthesis, and improving neuromuscular function. Moreover, it may confer systemic benefits by modulating inflammatory cytokines and improving metabolic profiles, which are often deranged during chemotherapy regimens.
Participants in the trial will be rigorously selected breast cancer patients slated for neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The study envisages detailed baseline assessments encompassing muscle mass quantification through imaging modalities, strength testing, and functional performance measures. Subsequently, the exercise intervention group will engage in supervised resistance training sessions, tailored in intensity and volume, while a control group undergoes standard care without added exercise.
Prevailing literature endorses exercise oncology as a transformative adjunct therapy; however, few studies have systematically focused on resistance training in the neoadjuvant setting specifically targeting sarcopenia. This protocol addresses that gap by integrating oncological parameters with exercise physiology principles, thereby offering insights into how muscle preservation might directly impact chemotherapy efficacy and patient quality of life.
Critically, the study protocol underlines the meticulous approach to intervention fidelity and adherence monitoring, recognizing that exercise compliance significantly influences outcome validity. Parameters such as progressive overload, periodization, and individualization are embedded into the program design, ensuring that patients receive optimal dosing of resistance stimuli even amidst the challenges of active chemotherapy.
Another essential aspect highlighted in the protocol is the multidisciplinary collaboration. Integrating expertise from nursing research, surgical oncology, exercise medicine, and biobehavioral sciences, the study framework exemplifies an interdisciplinary strategy essential for addressing complex oncological challenges. Such comprehensive integration facilitates not only intervention design but also holistic patient support and outcome measurement.
Additionally, the trial encompasses a range of secondary endpoints, including treatment-related toxicity, inflammatory markers, physical function, and psychological well-being. These parameters are expected to elucidate the broader systemic effects of resistance exercise beyond mere muscle mass increments, encompassing dimensions of survivorship that are often neglected in clinical trials.
This correction notice, while primarily technical, signifies the ongoing refinement and validation of the study framework. Accurate study protocols are the bedrock of scientific rigor, and amendments such as this ensure reproducibility and transparency—qualities critical to advancing exercise oncology into routine clinical practice.
Resistance exercise, particularly in the context of sarcopenia associated with cancer treatment, represents a promising non-pharmacologic strategy. By mitigating muscle loss, resistance training has the potential to enhance physical resilience, improve metabolic homeostasis, and possibly amplify therapeutic responses to chemotherapy, thereby shifting paradigms in supportive cancer care.
The study also raises broader implications about personalized medicine in oncology. As muscle wasting varies significantly among patients due to genetic, metabolic, and treatment-related factors, tailored exercise prescriptions could become an indispensable component of individualized cancer management approaches.
Moreover, this research aligns with growing global awareness regarding the importance of physical activity in chronic disease modulation. Cancer survivorship increasingly demands integrative frameworks that encompass lifestyle factors alongside conventional therapies, positioning exercise as a cornerstone intervention with multifaceted benefits.
On a mechanistic level, resistance exercise likely impacts cellular signaling pathways such as mTOR, AMPK, and ubiquitin-proteasome systems—key regulators of muscle protein turnover. Understanding these pathways in the context of chemotherapy-induced muscle catabolism could illuminate novel targets for adjunctive therapies and optimize exercise prescriptions.
Furthermore, the psychological impact of engaging in a structured resistance exercise program during chemotherapy cannot be overstated. Empowering patients with active roles in their treatment journey may alleviate depression and anxiety commonly associated with cancer diagnosis and treatment side effects.
While the protocol emphasizes resistance exercise, integration with nutritional interventions remains a potential area for future exploration. Synergistic effects of combined exercise and protein supplementation could further enhance muscle anabolism and functional recovery in this vulnerable population.
As this trial progresses, its findings promise to refine clinical guidelines and inform oncology rehabilitation practices worldwide. The anticipation surrounding its results underscores the urgent need for evidence-based strategies that address sarcopenia’s multifactorial etiology and enhance patients’ capacity to withstand aggressive cancer therapies.
In conclusion, the corrected study protocol published in BMC Cancer advances a critical frontier in oncology research. Its focus on resistance exercise as a mediator against chemotherapy-associated sarcopenia in breast cancer patients encapsulates an innovative approach merging physical therapy and oncology. The outcomes could redefine supportive care paradigms, ushering in an era where exercise not only complements but actively potentiates the effectiveness of cancer treatment.
Subject of Research:
Effects of resistance exercise interventions on sarcopenia in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Article Title:
Correction: Evaluating the effects of a resistance exercise intervention for sarcopenia in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
Article References:
Jang, M.K., Park, S., Jeon, J.Y. et al. Correction: Evaluating the effects of a resistance exercise intervention for sarcopenia in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Cancer 25, 1422 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-15003-0
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