In today’s rapidly evolving corporate landscape, the flow of knowledge is not merely a conduit for organizational success but the very lifeblood that fuels innovation, agility, and competitive advantage. Despite this, a pervasive challenge undermines these vital processes: knowledge hiding within teams and organizations. Recent research by Peng and Chen, published in BMC Psychology, unveils the intricate dynamics at play in mitigating knowledge hiding, emphasizing the seminal roles of leader-member exchange (LMX) and psychological empowerment, while shedding light on the culturally nuanced concept of leader-member guanxi as a moderating influence.
Knowledge hiding, unlike secrecy or mere withholding of information, involves deliberate concealment of knowledge when requested by peers or subordinates. This behavior severely damages trust, collaboration, and ultimately the collective intelligence of groups. Peng and Chen’s study delves deeply into the psychological and relational underpinnings that influence whether individuals engage in knowledge hiding and how leadership quality can either exacerbate or alleviate this phenomenon. The investigation reveals that the quality of LMX—defined as the reciprocal relationship quality between leaders and members—is pivotal in setting the tone for open knowledge exchange.
At its core, LMX reflects the degree of trust, respect, and mutual obligation between supervisors and their direct reports. High levels of LMX foster environments where employees feel valued and supported, making them more inclined to share valuable insights candidly. Conversely, poor LMX often breeds mistrust and territorial behavior, catalyzing knowledge hiding as individuals prioritize protection of personal gains over collective success. Peng and Chen’s results underscore that effective leadership is not simply top-down directive but involves cultivating genuine interpersonal connections that reduce the impulse to withhold information.
Complementing LMX, psychological empowerment emerges as a critical psychological state that mediates knowledge sharing behaviors. This construct encompasses employees’ feelings of competence, autonomy, meaningfulness, and impact within their roles. When individuals perceive their work as meaningful and believe they possess the capabilities and agency to influence outcomes, they are more motivated to disclose knowledge openly. The synergy between psychological empowerment and high-quality LMX creates a fertile ground for transparent communication, where knowledge sharing becomes both a natural and rewarding enterprise.
Peng and Chen’s research extends beyond Western-centric frameworks by integrating the concept of leader-member guanxi, a culturally specific form of relationship central to Chinese social and organizational contexts. Guanxi denotes the personal connection and trust developed through long-term reciprocal interactions, heavily influenced by Confucian principles of loyalty and harmony. Its moderating role in the study reveals how these deep relational networks intensify or mitigate knowledge hiding behaviors depending on how robust or fragile these interpersonal bonds are between leaders and members.
The inclusion of leader-member guanxi enriches the theoretical landscape by highlighting that leadership effectiveness and psychological empowerment are not universally monolithic but operate differently in diverse cultural milieus. Guanxi’s influence can either amplify the positive effects of LMX and psychological empowerment or buffer against the risks of knowledge hiding when transactional or superficial interactions dominate. This culturally adapted model proposes that relational context and leadership styles must be calibrated to account for sociocultural nuances for optimal knowledge management outcomes.
Moreover, Peng and Chen’s findings have profound practical implications for multinational corporations and global teams striving to foster knowledge-rich environments. Managers and HR practitioners must prioritize building trust-based leader-member relationships and empowering employees psychologically while remaining sensitive to various relational schemas like guanxi that permeate employees’ social identities and work behaviors. Interventions aimed at enhancing leadership competencies in emotional intelligence, cross-cultural communication, and empowerment strategies promise to curtail knowledge hiding and elevate organizational learning.
The study’s methodology incorporates quantitative analyses that rigorously test hypotheses regarding the interplay of LMX, psychological empowerment, guanxi, and knowledge hiding. Utilizing validated psychometric scales and large sample sizes strengthens the credibility of the causal inferences drawn. This empirical rigor sets a benchmark for future research endeavors examining complex psychosocial variables in organizational behavior, advancing both theory and evidence-based practice.
In the context of knowledge management, Peng and Chen’s work challenges organizations to rethink static top-down knowledge dissemination models and embrace dynamic, interpersonal processes that align leadership styles and employee psychological states. It posits that purely structural or incentive-based approaches to mitigate knowledge hiding are insufficient without fostering authentic interpersonal exchanges and empowering individuals meaningfully within their work systems. This paradigm shift has the potential to unlock latent creative capacities and sustain competitive advantage.
The viral potential of this research lies in its transformative implications for leadership development, organizational culture, and cross-cultural management. Thought leaders, consultants, and HR professionals can amplify these insights through workshops, leadership training modules, and digital knowledge-sharing platforms to embed psychologically empowering work environments with culturally adaptive leadership. As organizations worldwide grapple with increasingly distributed workforces and knowledge-intensive tasks, applying these findings could catalyze widespread behavioral change.
In a nutshell, the intersection of leader-member exchange, psychological empowerment, and leader-member guanxi offers a nuanced, multi-layered solution to the pervasive challenge of knowledge hiding. By recognizing and nurturing these relational and psychological dimensions, leaders can foster transparency, trust, and collaboration, ultimately enhancing innovation, employee well-being, and organizational performance. Peng and Chen’s contribution stands as a clarion call to reinvigorate leadership practice and scholarly inquiry in the service of more open, empowered, and culturally aware workplaces.
This research echoes broader shifts in organizational psychology that prioritize not just knowledge possession but relational and psychological contexts as indispensable elements to knowledge flow. As knowledge work proliferates and workplaces become increasingly diverse, harnessing these insights will be critical in sustaining knowledge sharing as a strategic organizational asset. Future studies might expand on these findings by exploring how digital communication tools affect these relationships or how interventions designed to enhance psychological empowerment and guanxi influence knowledge behaviors longitudinally.
Ultimately, Peng and Chen provide a compelling roadmap for combating knowledge hiding by addressing its root causes in leader-member relationships and employee empowerment, while sensitizing us to the transformational power of culturally grounded relational practices. Embracing these principles promises to elevate organizational knowledge dynamics to unprecedented levels, equipping companies to thrive amid complexity and uncertainty.
Subject of Research: The study investigates how leader-member exchange and psychological empowerment mitigate knowledge hiding within organizations, with a particular focus on the moderating role of leader-member guanxi, a culturally specific relational construct.
Article Title: Mitigating knowledge hiding through leader-member exchange and psychological empowerment: the moderating role of leader-member guanxi.
Article References:
Peng, X., Chen, B. Mitigating knowledge hiding through leader-member exchange and psychological empowerment: the moderating role of leader-member guanxi.
BMC Psychol 13, 1164 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-03487-1
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