In an era where traditional measures of economic success are increasingly questioned, Portuguese policymakers are pioneering an ambitious shift towards a wellbeing economy. This new model emphasizes human and environmental flourishing over mere GDP growth, challenging the entrenched paradigms of growth-driven economic policies. A recent study by Casau, Ferreira Dias, and Leite Mota (2026) in the International Review of Economics sheds light on Portugal’s evolving policy landscape and its implications for the future of economic governance.
The crux of the wellbeing economy approach is to prioritize holistic metrics that capture the quality of life, social equity, and environmental sustainability. Unlike conventional economic indicators that narrowly focus on output and productivity, wellbeing-centric policies advocate for multidimensional assessments. These metrics include mental and physical health, social cohesion, ecological balance, and equitable access to resources. By embedding these principles into policymaking, Portugal aims to foster a resilient society less vulnerable to economic shocks and environmental degradation.
One of the striking features of the wellbeing economy discourse in Portugal is the active involvement of policymakers who perceive the necessity for systemic transformation. The study captures the perspectives of a diverse array of policy actors who acknowledge that the current economic framework, centered on relentless growth, has contributed to growing inequalities and environmental stress. Their recognition reflects a global trend, where economic success is being reevaluated through the lens of sustainability and social justice, especially in the post-pandemic context.
Technically, the shift to a wellbeing economy entails integrating complex datasets and adopting sophisticated modeling techniques that transcend GDP calculations. Governments must incorporate indicators such as the Genuine Progress Indicator (GPI), the Human Development Index (HDI), and National Wellbeing Accounts, which aggregate social and environmental dimensions alongside economic performance. These quantitative tools enable a more nuanced understanding of policy impacts and societal progress, facilitating evidence-based decision-making that is aligned with wellbeing goals.
Moreover, the transformation requires structural reforms in fiscal policies that incentivize sustainable behaviors and penalize activities detrimental to wellbeing. This includes reorienting taxation systems to promote green investments, support mental health initiatives, and reduce income disparities. The policymakers interviewed in the study highlight the need for adaptive budgeting frameworks capable of dynamically allocating resources according to wellbeing priorities, breaking away from rigid line-item budgets traditionally tied to economic growth metrics.
Crucially, the Portuguese experience underscores the importance of cross-sector collaboration and participatory governance. Engaging civil society, academics, business leaders, and grassroots organizations ensures that wellbeing policies are inclusive and reflect the diverse needs of the population. The study reveals that Portuguese policymakers see participatory mechanisms as essential to legitimizing and sustaining the wellbeing economy agenda, fostering a collective ownership of social and environmental objectives.
The environmental dimension of the wellbeing economy cannot be overstated, especially in Portugal’s context, where climate change poses tangible risks such as rising temperatures, droughts, and biodiversity loss. By embedding ecological indicators into national performance assessments, policymakers aim to align economic development with the principles of planetary boundaries. This ensures that progress today does not come at the expense of future generations, promoting an intergenerational equity that is a cornerstone of the wellbeing economy framework.
From a macroeconomic perspective, the wellbeing economy challenges orthodox assumptions regarding productivity and growth. It posits that continual GDP expansion is neither necessary nor sufficient for improving life satisfaction or societal health. Instead, optimizing wellbeing may sometimes require de-growth strategies, redistribution policies, or investment in public goods that do not immediately translate into economic growth figures but significantly enhance quality of life. The study’s insights from Portuguese policymakers highlight an openness to reinterpreting success beyond traditional economic confines.
Technological innovation plays a pivotal role in advancing the wellbeing economy by enabling real-time tracking of multidimensional wellbeing indicators, predictive analytics, and scenario modeling. Digital platforms facilitate data collection from diverse populations, providing granular insights and allowing for targeted interventions. Portugal’s policymakers have expressed interest in leveraging artificial intelligence and big data analytics to refine wellbeing measures, design personalized policy responses, and monitor progress with high precision.
However, transitioning towards a wellbeing economy is not without challenges. Institutional inertia, vested interests in the status quo, and the complexity of measuring intangible outcomes create significant hurdles. The study candidly discusses these obstacles and highlights strategies to overcome them, such as pilot projects, experimental policymaking, and capacity building within public institutions. By fostering a culture of learning and adaptation, Portuguese policymakers aspire to gradually embed wellbeing principles into the fabric of governance.
Internationally, Portugal’s experience contributes to a burgeoning global dialogue about redefining prosperity. It aligns with frameworks such as the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the OECD Better Life Initiative, and the burgeoning Wellbeing Economy Governments partnership. This international engagement provides opportunities for knowledge exchange, benchmarking, and coordinated action to scale wellbeing economy practices beyond national borders.
A particularly noteworthy element of the Portuguese approach is its attentiveness to regional disparities and social inclusion. The wellbeing economy framework underscores the need to tackle inequalities that often get masked by aggregate economic growth. Policies aimed at uplifting marginalized communities, enhancing rural development, and fostering gender equality form an integral part of the wellbeing strategy. Portuguese policymakers emphasize that addressing social determinants of wellbeing is essential for sustainable societal advancement.
In conclusion, the study by Casau, Ferreira Dias, and Leite Mota positions Portugal as a critical laboratory for wellbeing economy experimentation. Through a blend of technical innovation, participatory governance, and ecological awareness, Portugal is crafting a path that could offer valuable lessons worldwide. As researchers and policymakers continue to refine wellbeing metrics and methodologies, the Portuguese case exemplifies both the promise and complexity of transitioning to an economy that truly serves human and planetary flourishing.
By fostering a deeper understanding of the interplay between economic activity, societal wellbeing, and environmental sustainability, the wellbeing economy paradigm invites us to rethink what it means to prosper in the 21st century. The Portuguese experience suggests that this is not only an ethical imperative but also a pragmatic pathway toward resilient and inclusive futures, setting a precedent that other nations are likely to watch closely.
Subject of Research: Perspectives of Portuguese policymakers on transitioning toward a wellbeing economy
Article Title: Towards a wellbeing economy: Portuguese policymakers’ perspectives
Article References: Casau, M., Ferreira Dias, M. & Leite Mota, G. Towards a wellbeing economy: Portuguese policymakers’ perspectives. International Review of Economics 73, 1 (2026). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12232-025-00513-x
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