Since the dawn of the twenty-first century, firearm-related injuries have wrought unparalleled devastation across the United States, claiming the lives of over 800,000 individuals and incapacitating more than two million. This staggering toll encompasses not only homicides but suicides and accidental shootings as well, penetrating deep into the social fabric and generating ripple effects far beyond the immediate physical trauma. The consequences manifest in psychological distress, fractured communities, economic burdens, and a profound public health crisis.
Amid persistent national debate and policy stagnation, a multidisciplinary collective of thought leaders from medicine, public health, law, industry, and community intervention recently converged in Chicago to confront this crisis head-on. Convened by JAMA and its network, the March 2025 JAMA Summit gathered 60 experts to formulate a comprehensive strategy aimed at substantially reducing firearm-related harms. The culmination is a detailed JAMA Summit Report unveiling a multipronged blueprint, grounded firmly in robust evidence and innovative thinking.
The report weaves together an extensive synthesis of empirical research confirming the efficacy of diverse policies and interventions. Central among these are state-level handgun purchaser licensing laws and mandates for secure firearm storage, both shown to decrease gun-related injuries and fatalities. Legal instruments such as domestic violence restraining orders, alongside their enforcement and removal provisions, play a pivotal role in mitigating risk. The implementation of extreme risk protection orders, designed to temporarily restrict firearm access from individuals deemed dangerous, emerges as a significant protective measure substantiated by rigorous studies.
Beyond legislation, the report champions community violence intervention (CVI) programs, which harness local knowledge and relationships to interrupt cycles of violence. Environmental modifications—like transforming vacant lots into green spaces and enhancing street lighting—have quantifiably reduced violent events by altering the physical context in which crime occurs. Collaborative and focused policing initiatives, involving partnerships between law enforcement and communities, complement these efforts by fostering trust and targeting hotspots efficiently.
Looking toward the horizon of 2040, the authors articulate a bold vision predicated on five key strategic pillars. First, they underscore the necessity of investing robustly in community-based programs while addressing upstream determinants such as housing insecurity, economic opportunity, and systemic mistrust—factors intricately linked to firearm violence through complex social pathways. Second, technological innovation is heralded as a vital frontier. Advancements in biometric “smart guns,” passive detection technologies, and artificial intelligence–driven safety tools showcase transformative potential but require vigilant regulatory oversight treating firearms as consumer products rather than unregulated commodities.
Shifting the national dialogue forms the third pillar. The report calls for reframing firearm violence from a narrowly criminal justice issue to one encompassing public health, social equity, and environmental contexts. This paradigm shift aims to mobilize broader stakeholder engagement and reduce stigma surrounding prevention efforts. Coordinated federal, state, and local actions represent the fourth pillar, integrating scientific insights and robust advocacy to craft policies grounded in empirical evidence rather than ideology. Finally, the authors highlight the critical importance of expanding research into intervention effectiveness, scalable models, and equity impacts by leveraging diverse methodologies—from basic biological sciences to agent-based computational models evaluating community-level dynamics.
A remarkable assemblage of 41 experts contributed to this report, representing a spectrum of disciplines including epidemiology, clinical medicine, criminology, sociology, law, policy analysis, and technology. Their collective expertise infuses the blueprint with nuanced understanding and actionable recommendations. From trauma surgeons and public health deans to pioneering criminologists and technologists specializing in AI, the authorial cohort exemplifies the requisite transdisciplinary approach needed to address firearm harms comprehensively.
The report’s emphasis on evidence-based interventions aligns with a growing recognition that piecemeal or politically motivated approaches have failed to stem the tide of gun violence. Instead, by anchoring policy in systematic study and measured outcomes, the blueprint aspires to not only reduce morbidity and mortality but also to heal and empower communities most affected. Investment in upstream social determinants takes on new urgency given data linking socioeconomic disparities with elevated risks of firearm injury.
Technological innovation also portends a paradigm shift in injury prevention. Biometric safety locks embedded in firearms, for example, promise to reduce unauthorized use—particularly by children and persons at risk of self-harm—without infringing on lawful ownership. Passive detection systems, utilizing sensors and AI algorithms, offer real-time identification of gunfire incidents, enabling faster emergency responses and data collection for analysis. However, such advancements necessitate rigorous evaluation and regulatory frameworks to safeguard privacy and ensure equitable access.
Reframing public understanding to encompass firearm violence as a multifaceted public health and social problem invites broader societal participation. This shift encourages alignment of health systems, educational institutions, law enforcement, and community organizations toward shared goals. Such partnerships enhance trust, disseminate knowledge, and support culturally-informed prevention strategies.
The report also calls for harmonized policy efforts across governmental tiers. Scientific insight must inform federal legislation and state policies alike to produce coherent frameworks avoiding jurisdictional fragmentation. Advocacy informed by data analytics strengthens the political will necessary for sustained reform. In parallel, expanded funding for research across basic sciences, epidemiologic studies, and implementation science is essential to refine interventions and tailor them to diverse community contexts.
Overall, the JAMA Summit Report on Reducing Firearm Violence and Harms delineates a comprehensive, scientifically grounded agenda to confront a deeply entrenched public health crisis. Its vision for 2040 hinges on integrated actions that harness policy, technology, community engagement, and research with a relentless focus on equity and impact. As the nation grapples with the human and societal costs of firearm violence, this report emerges as a pivotal guidepost, offering hope and concrete pathways toward meaningful change.
