The environmental impact of daily life essentials is an often-overlooked topic, yet it is critical for sustainable development, particularly in rapidly evolving economies. One prominent example of this phenomenon is the widespread use of sanitary pads among women in India and around the globe. In a recent comprehensive review conducted by Kumar, Jasrotia, Singh, and colleagues, the multifaceted issues surrounding sanitary pad use—including hazardous potential, disposal challenges, pollution, and user behavior—are spotlighted, highlighting the need for urgent attention and action.
Sanitary pads, which serve a crucial role in menstrual hygiene, are often taken for granted. However, their composition frequently includes plastic substances, leading to long-term environmental persistence once disposed of. The review stresses that traditional sanitary pads consist mainly of plastic, which can take upwards of 500 years to decompose. Such characteristics contribute significantly to the alarming rates of pollution in landfills, rivers, and oceans. In the Indian context, where public awareness about such issues is still developing, the need for sustainable alternatives and better disposal methods is pressing, as it poses a substantial threat to ecosystems and public health.
The study suggests that inadequate menstrual hygiene management is not solely a matter of individual practice but is deeply rooted in societal norms and systemic issues. Many women in India face stigma or lack knowledge about proper menstrual hygiene, which results in suboptimal use and disposal of sanitary products. The authors argue that public health initiatives must address these social determinants to cultivate a culture of awareness that empowers women. Educational programs focused on menstrual health should be integrated into school curricula and community outreach efforts, highlighting both the importance of hygiene and the correct disposal methods to mitigate environmental impact.
Research indicates that a significant proportion of sanitary pads are simply discarded without consideration for their environmental ramifications. Many users are unaware of the potential harm caused by their disposal practices, which rarely align with environmentally sustainable methods. The review underscores that there is an urgent need for the establishment of proper waste management systems that can accommodate the disposal of sanitary pads. Suggested improvements include the introduction of designated disposal bins, composting methods where feasible, and waste-to-energy programs that could transform this waste into a resource rather than a pollutant.
Furthermore, the research points out the role of regulatory frameworks and government policies in shaping manufacturing practices for sanitary products. The authors suggest that stronger regulations could incentivize companies to develop biodegradable and eco-friendly sanitary pads. By promoting sustainable alternatives, manufacturers could not only cater to an increasingly environmentally-conscious market but also assist in reducing the ecological footprint associated with menstrual hygiene products. Studies have begun to explore innovative materials such as organic cotton, bamboo, and even agricultural waste that could serve as feasible substitutes.
In countries like India, where accessibility and affordability remain barriers, it’s crucial for stakeholders to engage cooperatively in finding viable solutions. The review emphasizes collaboration between governmental bodies, non-governmental organizations, and private enterprises to build a more sustainable menstrual hygiene infrastructure. Programs that subsidize eco-friendly products could spur widespread adoption, making health-conscious choices accessible to all socio-economic groups.
Despite the looming challenges, new awareness initiatives are emerging. Social media campaigns play a transformative role by engaging the younger demographic, educating them about sustainable menstrual products, and encouraging them to advocate for systemic change. Women are increasingly utilizing platforms like Twitter and Instagram to share personal experiences, making the conversation about menstrual health and hygiene not only mainstream but also crucial for public discourse.
The research also highlights a critical gap in data regarding long-term health effects associated with sanitary pad usage. Limited studies indicate potential links to reproductive health issues, possibly exacerbated by the chemicals used in conventional pads. The authors stress that comprehensive research is needed to understand the full impact of sanitary products on women’s health. Increased scrutiny from health organizations may catalyze manufacturers to prioritize user safety in their production processes, potentially leading to significant advancements in product quality.
Equally important is the role of user behavior, which encompasses attitudes toward menstrual products. The review reveals a prevailing mindset that equates the use of chemically-laden disposable products with modernity and sophistication, complicating initiatives aimed at promoting sustainable options. Education plays a pivotal role in reshaping user perceptions, encouraging a shift towards sustainable practices that benefit both individual health and the environment.
Moreover, shifting cultural narratives surrounding menstruation can have profound implications for the overall discourse on women’s health. Historically rooted stigmas contribute to misinformation and shame, often relegating discussions about menstrual hygiene to taboo subjects. Campaigns that normalize conversations about menstruation can foster supportive environments, making it easier for women to seek information and share experiences related to eco-friendly solutions.
The authors conclude that addressing these numerous interrelated factors is vital for creating a comprehensive roadmap toward sustainable menstrual hygiene management in India and similar markets. A multifaceted approach includes educational outreach, collaboration among stakeholders, appropriate regulatory measures, and the development of sustainable products and disposal systems. Each element is integral to addressing both the immediate and long-range implications of sanitary pad usage, ultimately aiming to safeguard both the environment and public health.
In summary, the review by Kumar and his team reveals that while sanitary pads are a vital component of menstrual hygiene, a critical examination of their ecological impact, disposal methods, and consumption behavior shows that there is much work to be done. By fostering awareness, improving accessibility to sustainable products, and encouraging responsible disposal practices, we can take significant strides towards a healthier world for both women and the environment. This review not only sheds light on an urgent issue but also lays the groundwork for future discussions that will hopefully lead to effective changes in practices and policies.
Subject of Research: Environmental impact and user behavior associated with sanitary pad usage in India.
Article Title: Review on hazardous potential, disposal, pollution, and user behavior associated with the use of sanitary pads in the Indian context.
Article References:
Kumar, B., Jasrotia, R., Singh, J. et al. Review on hazardous potential, disposal, pollution, and user behavior associated with the use of sanitary pads in the Indian context.
Environ Sci Pollut Res (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-36806-5
Image Credits: AI Generated
DOI:
Keywords: Sanitary pads, menstrual hygiene, environmental impact, disposal, pollution, user behavior, sustainable alternatives, India.
