In a collaborative study published in The Lancet Microbe, the team of scientists, led by the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (Doherty Institute) and WEHI (Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research), revealed MPXV-CRISPR – a powerful diagnostic tool capable of detecting MPXV in clinical samples with acute precision and at a faster rate than any other method, thanks to the power of CRISPR technology. It is the first CRISPR-based diagnostic method in Australia specifically designed to target genetic sequences found only in MPXV.
While the CRISPR technology is most known for its genome editing capability, new applications have emerged, including leveraging it for the design of powerful and highly sensitive diagnostic tools.
The University of Melbourne’s Dr Soo Jen Low, a Research Officer at the Doherty Institute and co-first author of the study, said CRISPR-based diagnostic tools were like super-precise detectives that can quickly find specific clues (in this instance, genetic material) related to the presence of specific pathogens.
“To work, MPXV-CRISPR has to be ‘programmed’ to recognise the virus. We used a database of 523 MPXV genomes to carefully engineer ‘guides’ to bind to the specific part we are looking for on the viral DNA. Getting this right was crucial for the success of our diagnostic tool,” said Dr Low.
“In essence, when viral DNA is present in a clinical sample, the CRISPR system is guided to the target and subsequently emits a signal to indicate the presence of the virus. Our testing method can achieve sensitivity and precision levels comparable to the gold-standard PCR methods, but in a fraction of the time,” said Dr Low.
Matthew O’Neill, a Research Assistant at WEHI and co-first author of the paper, explained that the speed at which this new technology can provide a diagnosis is one of the groundbreaking features of MPXV-CRISPR.
“Currently, mpox diagnostics rely largely on centralised laboratory settings, where test results might not be available for up to several days after sample collection, depending on geographical and logistical considerations. In parallel, MPXV-CRISPR can detect the virus in just 45 minutes,” said O’Neill.
In line with the WHO standards where diagnostic tests should be accurate, accessible and affordable, the team is working on adapting MPXV-CRISPR into a portable device, that could, one day, be deployed at points of care around the country for rapid, on-site detection of monkeypox virus.
Dr Shivani Pasricha, a Senior Research Officer at WEHI, Junior Laboratory Head at the Doherty Institute, and co-senior author of the paper, said MPXV-CRISPR has the potential to revolutionise the way we manage mpox, making a meaningful impact on public health.
“By improving access to quick and reliable diagnoses around Australia, including in places with limited resources and in remote areas, this decentralised approach to testing could enable faster treatment and improve patient outcomes, while fast-tracking our capacity to manage future outbreaks,” said Dr Pasricha.
This research is the result of a collaboration between the Doherty Institute, WEHI, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Monash University.
– ENDS
Additional information:
- This research was funded by The Victorian Medical Research Acceleration Fund (VMRAF) and the Australian Department of Health.
- Peer review: The Lancet Microbe (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00148-9)
About the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity
Finding solutions to prevent, treat and cure infectious diseases and understanding the complexities of the immune system requires innovative approaches and concentrated effort. This is why The University of Melbourne – a world leader in education, teaching and research excellence – and The Royal Melbourne Hospital – an internationally renowned institution providing outstanding care, treatment and medical research – have partnered to create the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity (Doherty Institute); a centre of excellence where leading scientists and clinicians collaborate to improve human health globally.
doherty.edu.au /DohertyInstitute @TheDohertyInst #DohertyInstitute
About WEHI (Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research)
WEHI is where the world’s brightest minds collaborate and innovate to make life-changing scientific discoveries that help people live healthier for longer. Our medical researchers have been serving the community for more than 100 years, making transformative discoveries in cancers, infectious and immune diseases, developmental disorders, and healthy ageing. WEHI brings together diverse and creative people with different experience and expertise to solve some of the world’s most complex health problems. With partners across science, health, government, industry, and philanthropy, we are committed to long-term discovery, collaboration, and translation. At WEHI, we are brighter together.
Find out more at wehi.edu.au
Journal
The Lancet Microbe
DOI
10.1016/S2666-5247(23)00148-9
Method of Research
Experimental study
Subject of Research
Cells
Article Title
Rapid detection of monkeypox virus using a CRISPR-Cas12a mediated assay: a laboratory validation and evaluation study
COI Statement
Authors declare no competing interests.
