Researchers SeolHwa Moon and Jeong-Eun Yang searched YouTube on May 6, 2023, using two Korean search terms for Alzheimer’s disease, logged out of the platform and sorted by the site’s default relevance ranking. From 364 videos initially identified, they applied strict eligibility criteria: the content had to concern Alzheimer’s disease, be uploaded between May 1, 2020 and May 1, 2023, and be in Korean. After screening titles, reviewing full videos, and removing duplicates and videos focused on other forms of dementia, 90 videos remained for detailed analysis. Each video was coded against a framework of 15 predefined content elements, twelve covering patient-centered topics such as awareness, causes, symptoms, protective and risk factors, screening and diagnosis, and treatment, and three covering caregiving-related information: challenges, available resources, and support.

The methodological rigor of the coding process was substantial. Two coders independently rated a subset of videos before and after the main coding, achieving Cohen’s kappa values between .777 and .834 for categorical variables and intraclass correlation coefficients between .873 and .924 for continuous measures, levels the authors describe as substantial to almost perfect agreement. Quality was assessed with the Global Quality Score, a five-point scale in which scores of 1 to 3 indicate poor quality and scores of 4 to 5 indicate good quality, while reliability was measured with a five-item subset of the DISCERN instrument, which probes whether information goals are clear, sources are credible, presentation is balanced, additional references are listed, and areas of uncertainty are acknowledged.

The headline finding on quality is broadly encouraging. The mean Global Quality Score was 3.29, and exactly half of the videos, 45 of 90, were rated as good or excellent, with 30 percent achieving the top rating. The mean DISCERN reliability score of 3.58 out of 5 also pointed toward generally trustworthy content. This contrasts favorably with a broader systematic review of health-related YouTube content, which reported a mean Global Quality Score of just 2.68 and a mean DISCERN score of 2.36. The authors suggest that national policy efforts in South Korea, including the national dementia responsibility system implemented in 2017, may have helped raise the caliber of publicly available dementia information in the country.

Who uploads the videos matters enormously. Healthcare institutions and health channels accounted for 58.9 percent of the analyzed videos, individual users for 24.4 percent, and broadcasters for 16.7 percent. When the researchers split the sample into good-quality and poor-quality groups of 45 videos each, the differences became statistically sharp. Healthcare institutions or health channels produced 71.1 percent of the good-quality videos but only 46.7 percent of the poor-quality ones, a difference the authors report as significant with a Cramér’s V of 0.34. Healthcare professionals appeared as speakers in 78 percent of good-quality videos versus 49 percent of poor-quality ones, while journalists and interviewers were far more common behind the microphone in the poor-quality group. In short, the presence of a credentialed medical voice was one of the strongest markers of content quality.

Video length told a similar story. Good-quality videos averaged 19.57 minutes, nearly triple the 7.48-minute average of the poor-quality group, a difference with a large effect size of Cohen’s d equal to 0.81. Longer videos apparently had the room to explain symptoms, causes, and diagnostic procedures in depth, whereas shorter clips tended to deliver fragmentary information. Interestingly, the number of views, daily views, and comments did not differ significantly between quality groups, though good-quality videos did receive significantly more likes. Popularity, in other words, is not a reliable proxy for accuracy, a point with real consequences for viewers who assume that trending content is trustworthy content.

The most troubling finding concerns what the videos leave out. Good-quality videos most frequently covered symptoms, appearing in 93.3 percent of them, causes, in 91.1 percent, and screening or diagnosis, in 77.8 percent. But caregiving experiences appeared in only 4.4 percent of good-quality videos, information about available resources in 11 percent, and support in just 2.2 percent. Poor-quality videos were even thinner, with caregiving challenges and resources each mentioned in 2.2 percent of cases. On average, good-quality videos addressed 5.93 of the 15 content elements, while poor-quality videos covered only 3.20. The online conversation about Alzheimer’s disease, it turns out, is overwhelmingly a conversation about the disease itself and almost never about the daily reality of living with it or caring for someone who does.

This gap matters because the evidence on caregiver needs is unambiguous. Previous research reviewed by the authors found that non-professional caregivers want information not only about the disease but also about providing daily patient care, accessing health services, and looking after their own wellbeing. Caring for a person with Alzheimer’s disease requires knowledge about monitoring early symptoms, navigating diagnosis, assisting with instrumental activities of daily living, and preparing for possible long-term care placement. Surveys indicate that around 70 percent of caregivers prefer the internet and electronic media when collecting care information, which makes YouTube’s silence on practical care a genuine public health problem rather than a mere content gap. Better health literacy among caregivers has been linked to reduced caregiver burden and improved caregiving outcomes, so the platform’s blind spot translates directly into unmet need.

There is also a visibility problem at the top of the search results. Poor to generally poor-quality videos made up 38.9 percent of the sample, and although only a few of them promoted treatments or diets without scientific references, hyped new drugs, or selectively presented conference findings, some of these videos ranked at the top of search results. That placement increases their accessibility to patients and caregivers and could steer vulnerable viewers toward incorrect medical decisions. The authors note that visual and technical factors they did not measure, such as thumbnails, titles, and search engine optimization, can attract viewers through exaggerated or misleading representations regardless of actual content quality, compounding the risk.

The study’s conclusions come with honest caveats. The analysis covered only Korean-language YouTube content at a single point in time, so results may not generalize to other platforms, countries, or languages, and YouTube’s search algorithms and personalization may have shaped the retrieved sample. Most high-quality videos came from medical institutions, which may have biased the sample toward expert-centered perspectives and underrepresented patients, family caregivers, and advocacy groups. Nonetheless, the overall picture is clear and actionable: Korean-language YouTube videos about Alzheimer’s disease are generally of high quality and reliability, but they concentrate on disease knowledge while leaving practical caregiving information scarce. The authors call for standardized tools to help consumers judge video credibility, and urge that future content be developed with experts such as registered nurses, social workers, and care providers, ideally in collaboration with caregivers themselves, so that the platform that families already trust can finally answer the questions they are actually asking.

Subject of Research: Quality and content analysis of Korean-language YouTube videos about Alzheimer's disease

Article Title: What about Alzheimer 's disease online information?: YouTube video content analysis

Article References: Moon, S., & Yang, J.-E. (2026). What about Alzheimer 's disease online information?: YouTube video content analysis. Heliyon, 12(15), Article e45544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2026.e45544

Image Credits: AI Generated

DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2026.e45544

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, YouTube, health information, caregivers, dementia, video content analysis, Global Quality Score, DISCERN, health literacy, South Korea, online health information, patient education