Microscopy detected 48 infected children: 34, or 70.8% of the positive cases, were from Chongwe, while 14, or 29.2%, were from Kafue. The distribution of microscopy-positive cases differed significantly between districts (χ² = 4.84; P < 0.05). Quantitative PCR showed the same pattern, with reported prevalence of 73.9% in Chongwe and 28.9% in Kafue. The qPCR difference was also significant (χ² = 13.52; P < 0.01). Together, the two laboratory approaches identified a greater burden of detected urogenital schistosomiasis in Chongwe among the children studied.

No significant association was observed between sex and infection status. Infection was, however, significantly associated with age across the study population. The investigators did not report an association between sex, whereas the association with age indicates that infection status was not evenly distributed across the children’s age groups in this sample.

The findings document ongoing transmission of urogenital schistosomiasis in the surveyed peri-urban districts, but the study’s design and geographic scope limit what can be inferred. A cross-sectional assessment provides a snapshot at one point rather than measuring how prevalence changed over time. It also does not establish why Chongwe had higher detected prevalence than Kafue, and the results cannot be assumed to represent all school-age children in Lusaka or Zambia. The researchers said the updated epidemiological information could help identify where surveillance and control efforts need strengthening and support planning and implementation within the World Health Organization’s neglected tropical disease agenda.

Subject of Research: Prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis among school-age children in two peri-urban districts of Lusaka, Zambia

Article Title: Schistosoma haematobium infection among school age children in two peri-urban areas of Lusaka, Zambia: A cross-sectional study

Article References: Mutengo, M. M., Mwansa, J., Chisanga, K., Zulu, E., Mulunda, N. R., Muchinga, J., Rodríguez, E., Sánchez, S., Castro, L., Perteguer, M. J., Carmena, D., & Sotillo, J. (2026). Schistosoma haematobium infection among school age children in two peri-urban areas of Lusaka, Zambia: A cross-sectional study. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 20(10), e0014013. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0014013

Image Credits: AI Generated

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0014013

Keywords: schistosomiasis, Schistosoma haematobium, school-age children, Zambia, Lusaka, Chongwe, Kafue, cross-sectional study, qPCR, urine microscopy, parasite surveillance, Schistosoma