The isoindoline-2(1H)-carboxamides represent an innovative approach to modulating this pathway. Traditionally, STING agonists are utilized to stimulate immune responses, particularly in the context of cancer therapies. However, the identification of STING antagonists opens new avenues for treating inflammatory diseases that arise from overactive immune responses. Researchers have long sought to balance immune activation with inhibition, and this new class of compounds may provide the necessary tools.

The need for effective anti-inflammatory agents is underscored by the rising prevalence of inflammatory diseases worldwide. Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and inflammatory bowel disease are characterized by chronic inflammation that compromises patients’ quality of life. Current treatment options often involve long-term use of corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents, which can lead to significant side effects. The identification of isoindoline-2(1H)-carboxamides as STING antagonists may represent a more targeted approach, reducing systemic side effects while providing therapeutic benefits.

To rigorously assess the potential of isoindoline-2(1H)-carboxamide as STING inhibitors, the researchers employed a series of biochemical assays and cell-based experiments. The compounds displayed the ability to inhibit STING activation triggered by DNA sensing, confirming their role as antagonists. Interestingly, the study demonstrated that these inhibitors selectively modulate inflammatory responses rather than suppressing the entire immune system, which is a common drawback of traditional anti-inflammatory therapies.

As promising as these findings are, researchers are mindful of the challenges that lie ahead in the drug development process. The transition from laboratory findings to clinical application is fraught with hurdles. Understanding the pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and optimal dosing of isoindoline-2(1H)-carboxamides will be crucial in determining their viability as therapeutic agents. Preclinical and clinical trials will need to be conducted to establish safety and efficacy before potentially introducing these compounds to the market.

While the initial findings are promising, they also raise important questions about the long-term implications of inhibiting the STING pathway. The immune system is incredibly complex, and the interplay between various components can be dynamic and unpredictable. Therefore, comprehensive studies will be necessary to understand the broader implications of chronic STING inhibition and its potential effects on overall immune competency.

The emergence of drug resistance in chronic inflammatory diseases further complicates therapeutic strategies. As isoindoline-2(1H)-carboxamides begin to take shape as potential treatment options, researchers must remain vigilant about the possibility of resistance developing against these newer agents. Establishing a clear understanding of their mechanisms of action will facilitate not only improved efficacy but also deter the development of resistance.

Despite these challenges, the authors remain optimistic about the future of isoindoline-2(1H)-carboxamides in clinical practice. The study represents a notable contribution to contemporary pharmacological research. The process of drug discovery is inherently iterative, requiring ongoing validation and exploration. Supporting findings from this research could inform future studies and help synthesize additional anti-inflammatory agents with enhanced specificity and potency.

The work conducted by Zhou, Zang, Yao, and their colleagues reflects the convergence of multidisciplinary efforts, blending chemistry, biology, and medicine. It serves as a reminder that the path to therapeutic innovation is often long and complex but can yield transformative results. For many patients suffering from inflammatory disorders, the potential availability of new medications could translate into improved clinical outcomes and higher quality of life.

As they prepare for the next phase of research, the team emphasizes the importance of collaboration across various sectors of the scientific community. Clinical researchers, pharmacologists, and experts in immunology must work together to translate these findings into real-world applications. Initiatives fostering collaboration will not only facilitate breakthroughs in drug development but also enable a more comprehensive understanding of disease mechanisms.

The article detailing these significant findings will be published in Molecular Diversity, following the rigorous peer-review process that validates the research. The publication will not only highlight the discovery of isoindoline-2(1H)-carboxamide as STING inhibitors but also outline the potential implications for future studies and clinical trials that may herald a new era in the management of inflammatory diseases.

As research continues, it is paramount to keep patient welfare at the forefront. Every new discovery holds the promise of redefining treatment strategies and improving lives. The journey of isoindoline-2(1H)-carboxamides is only just beginning, but the prospects are indeed promising for those seeking new avenues for managing chronic inflammation.

In conclusion, the identification of isoindoline-2(1H)-carboxamides as STING inhibitors is a significant advance in anti-inflammatory research. This effort underscores the potential of innovative drug design to change the landscape of treatment for inflammatory diseases. The scientific community eagerly awaits further developments as this research progresses toward clinical applications, offering hope to millions affected by chronic inflammatory conditions.

Subject of Research: Discovery of isoindoline-2(1H)-carboxamide as STING inhibitors.

Article Title: Discovery of isoindoline-2(1H)-carboxamide STING inhibitors as anti-inflammatory agents.

Article References: Zhou, X., Zang, S., Yao, S. et al. Discovery of isoindoline-2(1H)-carboxamide STING inhibitors as anti-inflammatory agents. Mol Divers (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11030-025-11424-y

Image Credits: AI Generated

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11030-025-11424-y

Keywords: STING inhibitors, anti-inflammatory agents, isoindoline-2(1H)-carboxamide, immune response, chronic inflammation.

The design of the study was meticulously crafted as a randomized controlled trial, one of the most robust methodologies in clinical research aimed at evaluating treatment efficacy. The primary objective was to ascertain how warm saltwater baths and warm water baths correlate with improvements in critical health indicators among rheumatoid arthritis patients. The controlled nature of the study ensured that results were not skewed by external variables, thus reinforcing the validity of the findings.

Participants were selected based on specific inclusion criteria that adhered strictly to the guidelines set for rheumatoid arthritis. This included adults diagnosed with the condition who were experiencing joint pain, stiffness, and other associated symptoms. By focusing on a homogenous group, researchers ensured that the conclusions drawn would be more reliable and could be generalized to a broader population of rheumatoid arthritis sufferers.

As participants engaged in various bathing protocols, both in saltwater and freshwater environments, consistent assessments were made to monitor pain levels, fatigue, and sleep quality. These parameters were quantified using validated scales, allowing for objective measures of changes over the study period. Each participant received a thorough evaluation before, during, and after the bathing interventions to track improvements or any potential side effects.

Pain management is critical for improving the quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis patients, and the research highlighted significant advancements in pain relief for those undergoing warm baths. Warm water has been known for ages to have analgesic properties due to its ability to enhance blood circulation and promote tissue relaxation. Clinical evidence gathered from the study supports the notion that regular exposure to elevated water temperatures could lead to tangible pain relief, thereby improving overall patient satisfaction.

Moreover, fatigue is one of the lesser-discussed yet highly impactful components of rheumatoid arthritis. The study observed that participants who soaked in warm waters reported noticeably lower fatigue levels. The psychological benefits in conjunction with physiological responses would suggest that such bathing routines might not only alleviate physical symptoms but also contribute to enhanced emotional well-being.

Sleep quality, another critical area of concern in chronic pain patients, was similarly assessed. The results indicated that individuals who engaged in warm water baths experienced improvements in their sleep patterns. Sleep disruptions are common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and by utilizing hydrotherapy, there stands potential for non-pharmacological interventions to facilitate better rest. This aspect of the study underlines the far-reaching benefits of holistic approaches in medical treatment strategies.

Functional capacity was another vital parameter analyzed during the study. Researchers utilized various functional assessment tools to measure the range of motion, grip strength, and overall physical capability of participants. The findings revealed that consistent bathing in warm water—especially if combined with salt—could markedly enhance functional abilities, enabling patients to engage in daily activities with less discomfort.

As the medical community seeks to diversify treatment modalities for rheumatoid arthritis, this study fills a significant gap by highlighting an underutilized but effective therapy. Traditional treatments often focus on pharmacological solutions that may accompany unwanted side effects. Given the emerging trends in patient-centered care, incorporating hydrotherapy could provide a more comprehensive approach to managing this chronic disease.

The implications of these findings could foster a shift in how healthcare providers recommend holistic management options to patients. While medications remain a cornerstone of treatment, integrating non-invasive methods such as warm water baths could empower patients, promoting self-management practices that lead to better health outcomes.

Despite the promising nature of the findings, researchers advocate for further investigations to reinforce and expand on their conclusions. As this knowledge evolves, it would be prudent to explore the long-term effects of regular hydrotherapy and to identify optimal bathing practices that yield the best results for various patient demographics.

In conclusion, the research conducted offers essential insights into the potential of warm saltwater and warm water baths as viable adjunct therapies in managing rheumatoid arthritis. The positive outcomes regarding pain reduction, fatigue alleviation, sleep quality improvement, and enhanced functional capacity are significant and suggest that hydrotherapy could play a crucial role in modern rheumatological treatments. Broadening the scope of therapeutic options ultimately enriches the quality of care delivered to individuals grappling with difficult autoimmune challenges.

As the scientific community embraces these findings, it would not be surprising to see a gradual integration of hydrotherapy into standardized treatment protocols. The call for comprehensive, patient-oriented care is growing louder, and studies like this underscore the importance of bridging traditional medicine with alternative therapeutic practices. For patients wishfully navigating the challenges of rheumatoid arthritis, the journey towards relief may find a promising ally in the soothing embrace of warm waters.

Subject of Research: The effect of warm saltwater and warm water baths on pain, fatigue, sleep quality, and functional capacity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Article Title: The effect of warm saltwater and warm water baths on pain, fatigue, sleep quality, and functional capacity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled study.

Article References:

Aktaş, O., Dönmez, A.A., Kapucu, S. et al. The effect of warm saltwater and warm water baths on pain, fatigue, sleep quality, and functional capacity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized controlled study^✰.
BMC Complement Med Ther 25, 302 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-05050-2

Image Credits: AI Generated

DOI: 10.1186/s12906-025-05050-2

Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis, warm saltwater baths, warm water baths, pain relief, fatigue, sleep quality, functional capacity, hydrotherapy, randomized controlled study.

The meticulous study was conducted by a multidisciplinary team led by esteemed researchers including Burmester, Deodhar, and Irvine. They systematically reviewed the safety outcomes from multiple clinical trials, harnessing vast data pools to assess adverse events, their frequencies, and the overall tolerability of Upadacitinib across different patient populations. This large-scale analysis stands as a cornerstone of evidence for the safety of JAK inhibitors, particularly as they become more widely prescribed in clinical practice.

One of the key findings from the analysis indicates that Upadacitinib exhibits a safety profile that is generally consistent with expectations based on previously published data. Among the various adverse events assessed, the most notable were infections, which occurred at a rate that reflects the inherent risk associated with immunosuppressive therapies. However, it is crucial to contextualize these findings within the framework of the diseases being treated, as the baseline risk of infections often differs between patient groups.

The study also delves into the specifics of serious adverse events (SAEs), shedding light on their incidence rates in a population that spans several autoimmune diseases. Interestingly, while Upadacitinib was associated with some SAEs, the overall rates remained relatively low when considering the extensive duration of exposure across thousands of patient-years. This reassurance provides a critical argument for the continued use of Upadacitinib, particularly for patients with complex and refractory conditions who require robust treatment options.

On the subject of cardiovascular safety, the analysis further confirms that Upadacitinib does not appear to significantly increase the risk of cardiovascular events compared to traditional therapies. Given the heightened cardiovascular risks associated with chronic inflammatory states, this finding is particularly relevant, potentially offering a more favorable profile for patients with underlying cardiac conditions who might otherwise be sidelined from aggressive therapy.

In terms of laboratory abnormalities, the researchers meticulously cataloged changes in hematological parameters, liver enzymes, and lipid levels. Their findings indicated that while some laboratory abnormalities were noted, most were transient and not associated with clinically significant complications. This understanding is vital for practicing physicians when weighing the benefits of Upadacitinib treatment against potential risks, especially in long-term management scenarios where monitoring of lab values is critical.

Throughout the comprehensive evaluation, the researchers also emphasized the importance of individualized treatment approaches. They advocate for a nuanced understanding of each patient’s unique risk factors and comorbidities, suggesting that shared decision-making is paramount. As physicians engage in discussions with patients regarding the initiation of Upadacitinib therapy, a well-rounded comprehension of both the potential benefits and risks is essential for optimizing treatment outcomes.

In addition to examining the safety of Upadacitinib, the analysis reviews emerging data concerning its efficacy. Clinical outcomes indicate that Upadacitinib is not only effective in achieving symptom relief but also in improving the quality of life for patients suffering from debilitating autoimmune conditions. This dual advantage positions Upadacitinib as a formidable option in the therapeutic arsenal against chronic inflammatory diseases.

The findings from this analysis will undoubtedly spark further investigations into the long-term safety and efficacy of Upadacitinib. As patient populations expand and follow-up periods lengthen, ongoing research will be crucial in determining the role of JAK inhibitors in the evolving landscape of autoimmune disease management. Moreover, the juxtaposition of Upadacitinib with other therapeutic modalities will allow for a richer understanding of how best to tailor treatments for diverse patient profiles.

Ultimately, the publication serves as a testament to the ongoing evolution in the field of rheumatology and beyond. With each new study, we inch closer to delivering safer and more effective treatments for the millions affected by autoimmune diseases. The high-level synthesis of safety data presented in this analysis equips physicians with the knowledge required to make informed decisions in the best interest of their patients.

The future of autoimmune disease treatment will undoubtedly include a more significant role for agents like Upadacitinib, especially as new formulations and dosing regimens are explored. For patients, this means an increasingly diverse array of options, each with unique benefits and safety considerations. Thus, the need for continued vigilance and research is paramount as we aim to refine therapies that enhance healing while minimizing risk.

As we look towards the horizon in autoimmune research, the insights gleaned from this pivotal analysis will not only guide current practice but will also inspire future inquiries into innovative therapeutic strategies, ensuring that patients have access to the best possible care. Through the collaborative efforts of researchers, clinicians, and patients alike, the landscape of autoimmune disease management continues to transform, offering renewed hope for many who suffer from these chronic conditions.

In conclusion, the comprehensive safety profile of Upadacitinib highlighted in this analysis marks a pivotal moment in the management of autoimmune diseases. As we continue to explore the complexities of therapeutic interventions in these conditions, the data serve as a foundation for informed decision-making that prioritizes patient health outcomes while leveraging the potential benefits of novel treatments.

Subject of Research: Safety Profile of Upadacitinib in Autoimmune Diseases

Article Title: Safety Profile of Upadacitinib: Descriptive Analysis in Over 27,000 Patient-Years Across Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Axial Spondyloarthritis, Atopic Dermatitis, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Article References: Burmester, G.R., Deodhar, A., Irvine, A.D. Safety Profile of Upadacitinib: Descriptive Analysis in Over 27,000 Patient-Years Across Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis, Axial Spondyloarthritis, Atopic Dermatitis, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Adv Ther (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-025-03328-y

Image Credits: AI Generated

DOI: 10.1007/s12325-025-03328-y

Keywords: autoimmune diseases, Upadacitinib, safety profile, JAK inhibitors, clinical trials

Rheumatoid arthritis, known for its debilitating joint pain and stiffness, significantly impacts the quality of life of patients. Traditional clinical assessments often fall short of capturing the full spectrum of symptoms and the overall patient experience. This limitation has fueled an ongoing debate about the need for more patient-centric approaches in managing the disease. The implication of this new research suggests that PROMs could serve as essential tools in bridging the gap between clinical efficacy and patient satisfaction.

The Delphi study conducted by researchers, including notable contributions from experts like Rubio, Moreno, and Gallego, involved a comprehensive assessment of current practices in Spain and identified key areas where patient input could be more effectively integrated into treatment plans. The study harnessed the expertise of a diverse panel of stakeholders, including rheumatologists, healthcare policymakers, and, crucially, patients themselves. This collaborative approach not only enriched the research findings but also underscored the importance of multifaceted input in healthcare.

One of the most compelling aspects of the study is its alignment with global health trends advocating for shared decision-making and patient engagement. As healthcare systems worldwide transition towards more person-centered care models, the insights derived from the Spanish context may resonate with similar initiatives across various countries. The findings could represent a significant turning point, moving the focus from purely clinical indicators to a broader understanding of what matters most to patients.

However, the journey toward widespread adoption of PROMs is fraught with challenges. One major barrier identified by the researchers is the lack of standardized methodologies for integrating these measures into everyday clinical practice. This gap raises questions about the reliability and validity of the data collected, ultimately affecting the credibility of outcomes. For healthcare professionals, especially those already pressed for time during consultations, the additional burden of implementing PROMs can appear daunting.

Moreover, cultural factors also play a pivotal role. Different healthcare systems have unique patient demographics and diverse societal attitudes towards health and illness. The study surfaces these cultural nuances, indicating that successful implementation of PROMs must be tailored to the specific context in which they are applied. Therefore, understanding patient backgrounds and local healthcare practices is crucial for advancing patient-reported outcomes.

Another significant hurdle highlighted in the research is the need for training and education among healthcare providers. Many clinicians may not fully understand how to utilize PROMs effectively or may be skeptical about the information gathered from these tools. This knowledge gap can lead to underutilization or misinterpretation of patient-reported data, further complicating the transition towards integrating these valuable insights into patient management.

The study also emphasizes the importance of technology in facilitating PROMs. Digital platforms can enhance the collection and analysis of patient data, making it easier for doctors to access and interpret outcomes reported by patients. The expansion of telemedicine during the pandemic has opened new avenues for utilizing electronic PROMs, allowing for greater flexibility in how healthcare providers engage with patients. Embracing such innovations can streamline the process and make it less intimidating for doctors and patients alike.

Furthermore, stakeholder commitment is essential to overcoming barriers to implementing PROMs. The study indicates that buy-in from healthcare institutions, professional societies, and patient advocacy groups is critical to ensuring that patient-reported outcomes become a standard practice in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Policymakers have a crucial role in fostering an environment that encourages collaboration and innovation, leading to a more effective healthcare system that prioritizes patient voices.

What emerges from this comprehensive study is not just a call for action but a profound recognition of the evolving landscape of healthcare, where patient voices become an integral part of the treatment dialogue. As the medical community continues to explore the feasibility of PROMs, the insights gleaned from this Delphi study could pave the way for refining therapeutic strategies that resonate more closely with individual patient experiences.

In conclusion, the research undertaken by Rubio, Moreno, and Gallego stands as a significant contribution to the ongoing discourse surrounding patient engagement in healthcare. With its focus on leveraging PROMs in rheumatoid arthritis management, the study offers invaluable insights that could potentially enhance patient care, improve treatment outcomes, and ultimately foster a more empathetic healthcare system. As more studies like this come to light, the prospect of transforming how we perceive and treat chronic diseases may become increasingly attainable.

This pioneering work not only reflects the commitment of the authors to improving the lives of those affected by rheumatoid arthritis but also indicates a broader movement within healthcare. By prioritizing patient experiences and integrating PROMs into standard care protocols, we may soon witness a future where treatment decisions are driven not only by clinical data but also by the authentic voices of patients themselves.

As the findings of this study gain traction, it will be essential to monitor their impact on clinical practices and patient outcomes. Continued research and dialogue will be necessary to navigate the complexities of integration, refine techniques for gathering patient-reported outcomes, and ultimately enhance the quality of care for patients with rheumatoid arthritis and beyond.

Subject of Research: Use of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Article Title: Use of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Spain and Barriers to Implementation: A Delphi Study

Article References:

Rubio, E., Moreno, M.J., Gallego, A. et al. Use of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Spain and Barriers to Implementation: A Delphi Study.
Adv Ther (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-025-03300-w

Image Credits: AI Generated

DOI:

Keywords: Patient-Reported

The devastation caused by rheumatoid arthritis extends beyond mere joint inflammation; it is a progressive disease characterized by the relentless attack on bone tissue. Osteoclasts, the cells responsible for bone resorption, are overactivated in RA, leading to the destruction of bone structures and permanent disability. Currently available treatments, while effective at controlling symptoms, often fall short of preventing or reversing pre-existing joint damage and come with considerable side effects. This gap in effective treatment has propelled researchers to explore combination therapies that can enhance therapeutic efficacy while mitigating toxicity.

The study led by researchers from the China–Japan Friendship Clinical Medical College investigated the combined effects of TP and Med in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat model. This model is well-established for mimicking the pathophysiology of human RA and provides a robust platform for evaluating the efficacy of new therapeutic agents. The researchers found that the coadministration of TP and Med alleviated the severity of arthritis symptoms while simultaneously delaying disease onset. Remarkably, the combination therapy demonstrated superior effects in reducing bone erosion when administered at half the individual doses of each agent, highlighting the enhanced power of synergistic therapy.

Detailed analyses through micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histological examinations revealed compelling evidence of the treatment’s efficacy. The combination treatment significantly diminished bone surface-to-volume ratios while increasing overall bone volume in critically impacted joints, such as the ankle and knee. Furthermore, secondary assays, including tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and F-actin ring assays, illustrated a profound reduction in both the number and function of osteoclasts. This finding is crucial as it highlights not only the potential of this combination therapy to inhibit bone resorption but also its applicability to clinical scenarios where RA-induced bone destruction is prevalent.

At the molecular level, the study intricately elucidates the mechanisms by which TP and Med exert their therapeutic effects. The researchers identified that both compounds engage with critical components of the m6A methylation pathway, a cellular mechanism that regulates RNA metabolism and has emerged as an essential player in various biological processes, including osteoclastogenesis. TP targets methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), which catalyzes the methylation of osteoclast-related mRNAs. Conversely, Med interacts with the YTHDF1 protein, which is responsible for reading and facilitating the translation of these methylated mRNAs. This dual-targeting approach significantly impairs the signaling pathways leading to osteoclast differentiation and activity, marking a pioneering direction in RA treatment.

The validity of these molecular findings was further strengthened through in vitro experiments where primary bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMs) from mice were utilized. These experiments confirmed that TP and Med inhibited receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, RNA immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated the direct interaction between METTL3 and YTHDF1 with osteoclast-related mRNAs, establishing a clear rationale behind their effectiveness in modulating osteoclast activity.

Another significant aspect of this study is its exploration of the inflammatory response in collagen-induced arthritis. The combination therapy not only reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), but also promoted a replenishment of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the spleen. Tregs are crucial in maintaining immune balance and tissue homeostasis, articulating a comprehensive immunological improvement resulting from TP and Med treatment. This dual action of alleviating inflammation while preserving bone tissue is particularly noteworthy and suggests a multifaceted therapeutic landscape for RA management.

The overall findings of this groundbreaking study provide a compelling case for the combination of TP and Med as a transformative treatment strategy in rheumatoid arthritis. By effectively targeting the m6A methylation pathway, this therapeutic duo could represent a paradigm shift in the way RA is managed, aiming not only to control symptoms but also to provide long-lasting protection against bone erosion. Furthermore, the potential implications of these findings extend beyond RA, opening up possibilities for similar approaches in other inflammatory and autoimmune diseases characterized by aberrant osteoclast activity.

Future research will undoubtedly need to refine dosing regimens and assess the long-term effects of such combination therapies in larger clinical settings. There is also a critical need to explore the underlying mechanisms in more depth to better understand how these compounds can be optimized for human application. Given the intricate nature of autoimmune diseases, the pursuit of tailored combination therapies offers hope for improved patient outcomes in diseases like RA that have long been challenging to treat satisfactorily.

In conclusion, the integration of triptolide and medicarpin in rheumatoid arthritis therapy illuminates a promising avenue for restoring the delicate balance between inflammation and bone integrity. As the scientific community continues to unravel the complexities of autoimmune diseases, such innovative approaches will undoubtedly usher in new horizons for effective treatment modalities aimed at improving quality of life for those affected.

Subject of Research: Combination Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Article Title: Increased Alleviation of Bone Destruction in Individuals with Rheumatoid Arthritis via the Coinhibition of the METTL3 and YTHDF1 Axis by the Combination of Triptolide and Medicarpin
News Publication Date: 13-May-2025
Web References: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2025.03.014
References: Not available
Image Credits: Yi Jiao, Zhaoran Wang, Wenya Diao, Qishun Geng, Xing Wang, Xiaoxue Cao, Tong Shi, Jiahe Xu, Lu Zhao, Zihan Wang, Tiantian Deng, Lei Yang, Tingting Deng, Cheng Xiao

Keywords

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