Fourteen taxa are transferred through new combinations: Magnolia tenuipes, M. balansae var. appressipubescens, M. brevipes, M. chingii, M. chongjiangensis, M. floribunda var. lanea, M. fulgens, M. glaberrima, M. hedyosperma, M. kerrii, M. linyaoensis, M. longistamina, M. polyneura and M. wardii. A further five are reinstated and transferred because Chinese Magnoliaceae authorities continue to recognize Manglietia calcarea, M. forrestii and M. hainanensis as species rather than varieties of M. fordiana, and Michelia calcicola and M. skinneriana as species rather than varieties of M. fulva and M. figo. The resulting Magnolia names are M. calcarea, M. forrestii, M. hainanensis, M. calcicola and M. skinneriana.

The authors based the restorations on comparative data compiled over many years and on the original comparative diagnoses and formal descriptions prepared by the naming authors under the botanical-nomenclature rules then in force. The abstract says that most of these plants were discovered during the last decades of the twentieth century because of their small natural populations and limited distributions. It also reports that many have never been evaluated in their native habitats because their treatment as unsubstantiated heterotypic synonyms placed them under the names of more common and widely distributed species.

The monograph includes notes and recommendations on the in situ and ex situ conservation of the taxa. The authors report adverse effects on the survival prospects of numerous threatened and endangered Magnolia taxa whose synonymization had removed their visibility under their original names. They also state that some have not been recorded from previously documented localities or elsewhere in the wild under those names for decades. This conclusion is presented in the abstract rather than as a new field survey: because only the abstract was supplied, the detailed comparative analyses, individual conservation assessments and complete taxonomic descriptions underlying the treatments cannot be evaluated from the available evidence.

Subject of Research: Taxonomic revision restoring and recombining 20 Asian Magnolia taxa from Manglietia and Michelia

Article Title: If these aren’t genuine species, what are? An analysis of heterotypic synonyms contributes to 19 new names and 20 new combinations in Magnolia (Magnoliaceae). Part 2: New combinations

Article References: Callaghan, C. B., & Png, S. K. (2026). If these aren’t genuine species, what are? An analysis of heterotypic synonyms contributes to 19 new names and 20 new combinations in Magnolia (Magnoliaceae). Part 2: New combinations. PhytoKeys, 277, 77-151. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.277.195893

Image Credits: AI Generated

DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.277.195893

Keywords: Magnolia, Magnoliaceae, Manglietia, Michelia, plant taxonomy, species reinstatement, new combinations, botanical nomenclature, plant conservation, Asian flora, aren, genuine