These ERC Advanced Grants represent among the most rigorous and selective funding opportunities available in Europe today, specifically designed to empower leading thinkers who operate at the edges of scientific knowledge. The recipients from the Hebrew University exemplify this spirit of pioneering inquiry through their groundbreaking work spanning quantum computing, neuroscience, and pure mathematics. Their successful grant awards are a testimony not only to their individual achievements but also to the institution’s collective commitment to fostering cutting-edge research and innovation.

Prof. Israel Nelken’s project, based at the Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences and the Silberman Institute for Life Sciences, dives deep into the mysteries of auditory continual learning at the cellular and network levels. Despite decades of research into synaptic plasticity revealing much about how memory formation occurs in neural circuits, a lingering paradox remains unresolved: organisms display both remarkable stability in memory retention and the ability to incorporate new information continuously, yet many computational models fail to account for this dual capacity. Nelken’s research aspires to dissect this puzzle by examining how memories are maintained or altered in the behaving rat during periods of intense auditory learning and high memory load—a domain scarcely explored in animal models. This innovative approach challenges prevailing theories and aims to identify the fundamental principles that enable the brain to balance memory stability with the flexibility demanded by lifelong learning.

Turning to the realm of pure mathematics, Prof. Tamar Ziegler’s work epitomizes the fusion of abstract theory with longstanding mathematical conundrums. Holding the Henry and Manya Noskwith Chair in Mathematics at the Einstein Institute of Mathematics, Ziegler’s research exploits sophisticated techniques from ergodic theory and dynamics to tackle profound problems in additive number theory and algebraic geometry. Her prior accomplishments include leveraging dynamics on nilmanifolds to prove advanced Hardy–Littlewood-type estimates, which pertain to the distribution of prime solutions to complex systems of linear equations. Ziegler’s current research probes frontier questions that lie at the confluence of dynamics, number theory, and combinatorics. Moreover, she is pioneering the elucidation of new relationships between stability phenomena in algebraic geometry and dynamic systems, potentially unlocking new vistas in mathematical understanding and methodological synthesis.

Meanwhile, in the cutting-edge field of quantum computing, Prof. Dorit Aharonov is spearheading efforts to redefine the theoretical foundations of quantum information processing in the presence of noise and error. Situated within the School of Engineering and Computer Science, her research addresses two paramount obstacles confronting quantum computing today. From a computer science perspective, Aharonov seeks to expand the repertoire of quantum algorithms by crafting novel algorithmic techniques capable of vastly broadening the scope and efficiency of quantum speed-ups beyond the limited catalog currently known. Simultaneously, from the physics standpoint, her work confronts the pervasive challenge of noise in quantum hardware, which threatens to undermine computational fidelity. By developing a comprehensive theory of quantum complexity that inherently incorporates noise, she aims to transform errors from debilitating hindrances into exploitable resources—reimagining noisy quantum systems as fertile grounds for algorithmic innovation rather than liabilities. This dual-pronged approach promises to elevate our understanding of quantum computational power under realistic conditions and accelerate progress toward practical quantum technologies.

The trio’s achievements resonate profoundly with the ethos of scientific perseverance and intellectual courage, especially in an era where the landscape of research is both increasingly competitive and essential to tackling the complex challenges facing humanity. Prof. Tamir Sheafer, Rector of the Hebrew University, lauded the honorees as embodiments of the university’s excellence, emphasizing that their success on the international stage reflects the dynamic and pioneering spirit that courses through the institution’s academic fabric. Their groundbreaking contributions not only push disciplinary boundaries but also affirm the university’s status as a global hub for high-impact research.

The awarded projects collectively flourish at the intersection of theoretical depth and practical relevance. Nelken’s investigations into neural plasticity promise to elucidate mechanisms underlying memory and learning, with potential implications for neurodegenerative disease understanding and artificial intelligence. Ziegler’s mathematical breakthroughs may inform cryptography, algorithm design, and even theoretical physics, while Aharonov’s advances in quantum algorithmics and noise-resilient computation are essential for realizing the next generation of quantum devices, which could revolutionize fields as varied as materials science, optimization, and secure communications.

Moreover, these endeavors exemplify the interdisciplinary synergy that characterizes modern scientific inquiry. The integration of neuroscience data, mathematical rigor, and quantum theory highlights how cross-pollination between fields can foster novel insights beyond traditional disciplinary confines. This aligns with the broader vision of the ERC and the Horizon Europe programme, designed to catalyze high-risk, high-reward research that dares to rethink foundational assumptions.

As the scientific community eagerly anticipates the outputs of these projects, the recognition afforded by the ERC Advanced Grants not only provides substantial financial backing but also an invaluable platform for increased international collaboration, visibility, and impact. Such support is instrumental in attracting talented researchers and fostering environments where transformative ideas may flourish.

In sum, the recognition of Professors Aharonov, Nelken, and Ziegler by the ERC elevates their visionary research endeavors to new heights. Their work embodies the relentless pursuit of knowledge, addressing some of the most intricate and profound questions in science and mathematics. By tackling challenges ranging from the stability of memory representations in the brain, the deep structures governing prime number distributions, to the complexities of quantum computations amid noise, these scholars are charting pathways that promise to redefine their fields and inspire generations to come.

This milestone also serves as an inspiring reminder of the vital importance of sustained investment in fundamental research. It underscores how universities like Hebrew University of Jerusalem serve as crucibles for innovation, driven by talented individuals whose ideas ripple outward to transform technology, theory, and society at large. At a time when global challenges demand bold scientific solutions, the university’s triumphant ERC success stories illuminate the enduring power of curiosity, rigor, and resilience.

In recognition of these accomplishments, the scientific world watches closely as these projects unfold, anticipating discoveries that will deepen our understanding of the natural world, expand the limits of computation, and intertwine disparate mathematical realms into coherent frameworks. Their success is not only a triumph for themselves and their home institution but also a beacon for international science, shining a light on the extraordinary potentials unlocked when brilliance meets opportunity.

Subject of Research: Auditory continual learning and memory stability in neuroscience; dynamics and additive number theory in mathematics; quantum computing algorithms and quantum complexity under noise.

Article Title: Hebrew University of Jerusalem Researchers Awarded ERC Advanced Grants for Transformative Work in Neuroscience, Mathematics, and Quantum Computing

News Publication Date: [Not provided]

Web References: https://mediasvc.eurekalert.org/Api/v1/Multimedia/7e46a523-868b-48fb-8c4f-1b42954f74cd/Rendition/low-res/Content/Public

Image Credits: Maxim Dinstein

Keywords: Computer Science, Mathematics, Neuroscience

Dr. Nestler’s scientific journey is characterized by pioneering methodologies that have redefined our understanding of brain adaptations in response to chronic stress and substance abuse. His laboratory has been at the forefront of utilizing viral-mediated gene transfer techniques coupled with inducible genetically engineered mouse models. These innovations allowed unprecedented manipulation of discrete neural circuits within the brain’s reward system, enabling causal investigations into how gene activity modulates behavior. This approach has provided vital mechanistic insights linking molecular changes with the characteristic behavioral phenotypes of addiction, such as compulsive drug seeking and relapse vulnerability.

Beyond dissecting addiction pathways, Dr. Nestler’s research unveiled shared molecular pathways underpinning diverse addiction modalities. His work revealed that common neurobiological mechanisms could govern seemingly distinct addictions, providing a unifying framework for understanding the neuroplasticity involved. Additionally, his laboratory developed one of the most robust mouse models for studying depression and related stress disorders, facilitating exploration of the critical role that reward-related brain circuits play in mood regulation. This animal model has since found resonance in human studies, confirming the translational validity of his findings and paving the way for potential novel therapeutic strategies.

The scope of Dr. Nestler’s research extends to epigenetics, where his team’s gene and chromatin analyses identified key proteins that mediate either susceptibility or resilience to chronic stress exposures. These discoveries have profound implications for psychiatry, as they suggest molecular targets for innovative treatments designed to fortify resilience or reverse maladaptive changes associated with depression and addiction. His work continues to inspire a paradigm shift, emphasizing the plasticity of neural circuits as a foundation for mental health interventions.

Since assuming leadership roles at Mount Sinai in 2016, Dr. Nestler has guided the Icahn School of Medicine’s academic and scientific agenda, advancing institutional research capabilities. As Interim Dean, his strategic focus encompasses fostering interdisciplinary collaborations and translating laboratory discoveries into clinical innovations. Under his stewardship, The Friedman Brain Institute has attracted top-tier scientists worldwide, positioning Mount Sinai as a powerhouse in neuropsychiatric research, with a dynamic emphasis on bridging fundamental neuroscience with patient-centered care.

Before joining Mount Sinai in 2008, Dr. Nestler made impactful contributions at UT Southwestern Medical Center as Chair of Psychiatry and at Yale University as Director of Molecular Psychiatry. His extensive publication record — exceeding 750 articles and five authoritative texts — reflects a career devoted to unraveling the intricacies of brain function and dysfunction. His scholarly influence has been recognized through numerous awards, including the Wilbur Cross Distinguished Alumnus Medal from Yale and the Peter Seeburg Prize in Integrative Neuroscience from the Society for Neuroscience.

Dr. Nestler’s experimental work has significantly advanced the field’s comprehension of how chronic drug exposure induces persistent changes in gene expression within reward-related brain regions such as the nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area. By selectively modulating transcription factors and epigenetic regulators, his lab demonstrated that these molecular alterations contribute to long-lasting modifications in synaptic connectivity and neuronal excitability, which manifest behaviorally as drug craving and relapse. These findings underscore the potential of targeting epigenetic mechanisms for developing novel pharmacotherapies.

The translational impact of his research is evident in his laboratory’s exploration of stress-induced plasticity, where they identified molecular signaling pathways mediating vulnerability or resistance to depressive-like behaviors in animal models. These insights inform clinical strategies aiming to identify biomarkers of susceptibility and tailor interventions accordingly. Moreover, the Nestler Laboratory’s work on chromatin remodeling highlights the dynamic nature of the epigenome as both a mediator and potential therapeutic target in neuropsychiatric disorders.

Mount Sinai’s election of Dr. Nestler to the NAS reflects not only his individual achievements but also the institution’s broader commitment to advancing neuroscience. Within the Mount Sinai faculty, six members, including Dr. Nestler, hold NAS memberships, underscoring the system’s prominence in scientific research. This collective expertise contributes to Mount Sinai’s reputation as an epicenter for innovative brain science, integrating basic research with clinical application to address some of the most intractable neurological and psychiatric diseases.

The recognition by leading Mount Sinai leadership captures the transformative role Dr. Nestler plays both scientifically and administratively. Brendan G. Carr, MD, CEO of Mount Sinai Health System, emphasized Dr. Nestler’s stature as a world-class neuroscientist whose research has the potential to impact millions suffering from brain disorders. Dennis S. Charney, Dean Emeritus of the Icahn School of Medicine, praised Dr. Nestler’s visionary leadership in shaping the next chapter of Mount Sinai’s neuroscience enterprise, built on a foundation of translational research and clinical excellence.

Mount Sinai Health System itself is a comprehensive academic medical entity comprising hospitals, outpatient practices, multiple research centers, and educational institutions. It harnesses cutting-edge technologies such as artificial intelligence and informatics to enhance patient care while advancing scientific discovery. This integrated approach ensures that discoveries from laboratories like Dr. Nestler’s are efficiently translated into innovative therapies, shaping the future of personalized neurological and psychiatric care on a global scale.

As Dr. Nestler steps into his role as Interim Dean of the Icahn School of Medicine following Dr. Charney’s retirement, his trajectory highlights a seamless transition of visionary scientific leadership committed to rigorous inquiry and clinical translation. His multifaceted expertise, ranging from molecular neurobiology to institutional stewardship, marks him as a pioneering figure in contemporary neuroscience. The field eagerly anticipates the continued impact of his work, which merges fundamental science with transformative potential for improving human mental health.

Subject of Research: Neuroscience, Molecular Mechanisms of Addiction and Depression
Article Title: [Not provided]
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Image Credits: Mount Sinai Health System
Keywords: Neuroscience, Addiction, Depression, Epigenetics, Brain Circuits, Molecular Psychiatry, Neuroplasticity, Translational Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, Viral-Mediated Gene Transfer, Chromatin Remodeling, Neuropsychiatric Disorders