The contaminated sludge derived from various sources, primarily agricultural and clinical settings, often contains residues of antibiotics and various pathogens. The hazardous nature of this sludge necessitates effective and sustainable remediation strategies to mitigate risks to human health and the environment. Traditional disposal methods contribute to soil and water pollution, exacerbating the issue. Thus, alternative approaches are urgently needed to address this growing concern.

Co-composting emerges as a multifaceted solution that integrates the principles of organic waste management with the biological degradation of pollutants. In the context of the study, co-composting involves the simultaneous decomposition of antibiotic-laden sludge alongside other organic materials. This synergistic approach creates an optimal environment for microorganisms that can break down complex organic compounds, enhancing the biodegradation process.

A critical aspect of the study involves the selection of the right microbial communities that can effectively target and degrade antibiotic residues. The researchers meticulously analyzed various strains of bacteria and fungi, identifying those with the greatest potential for bioremediation. This microbial diversity plays a pivotal role in ensuring that the degradation process is efficient and that the resulting compost is safe for agricultural use.

The efficacy of the co-composting process was rigorously assessed through a series of microbiological tests. These tests included measuring the reduction of antibiotic concentrations and monitoring microbial activity throughout the composting period. The researchers employed advanced techniques, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), to accurately quantify the residual antibiotics, ensuring that the findings would be both reliable and replicable.

In conjunction with microbiological assessments, phytotoxicity tests were conducted to evaluate the safety of the compost produced from the co-composting process. These tests focused on understanding how the compost affected plant growth and health. By planting various species in the treated compost, the researchers could ascertain whether the bioremediation process resulted in a product that contributed positively to soil quality and plant development.

Preliminary findings from the study indicate a substantial reduction in the overall toxicity of the antibiotic-contaminated sludge after undergoing co-composting. Microbial communities not only degraded the antibiotic residues but also enhanced the nutritional profile of the resulting compost, making it suitable for agricultural applications. This dual benefit of toxicity reduction and nutrient enhancement could revolutionize how we view organic waste management.

Moreover, the implications of this research extend beyond environmental remediation. In an era marked by increasing antibiotic resistance, the ability to effectively degrade these substances in waste streams could have significant public health benefits. By reducing antibiotic contamination in agricultural settings, the chances of resistant strains emerging and proliferating in the food chain could be mitigated.

As the study progresses, the researchers aim to optimize the co-composting process further, exploring varying ratios of sludge to organic materials, different environmental conditions, and alternative microbial inoculants. This iterative approach ensures that the findings remain adaptable and applicable across diverse settings, paving the way for scalable solutions that can be implemented globally.

The need for sustainable waste management strategies has never been more pressing. As urban populations continue to grow and industrial activities proliferate, the challenge of managing antibiotic-contaminated sludge will intensify. By presenting a viable co-composting solution, Alves-Pereira and colleagues contribute significantly to the broader discourse on environmental sustainability and public health.

At a time when scientific innovations are essential for addressing complex environmental issues, this study exemplifies the potential of interdisciplinary research. By combining principles from microbiology, environmental science, and agricultural studies, the research team has created a comprehensive framework for understanding and tackling antibiotic contamination in waste.

In conclusion, the research on antibiotic-contaminated sludge biodegradation through co-composting represents a significant advancement in environmental biotechnology. It underscores the necessity for continued exploration and innovation in waste management techniques, highlighting the intertwined relationship between human activity and ecological health. As the world grapples with the mounting challenges of antibiotic resistance and environmental degradation, such studies are a beacon of hope, paving the way for sustainable practices that could benefit both ecosystems and human health.

This research not only enriches our understanding of composting as a remediation strategy but also calls for urgent action by policymakers to prioritize sustainable practices in waste management. The findings highlight the responsibility of societies to adapt and evolve their waste management systems in light of contemporary challenges. As these shifts occur, the insights gained from this research will be integral to informing best practices that embrace sustainability and public health imperatives.

Ultimately, the journey towards efficient waste management is complex but necessary. Through persistent research and innovation, solutions like co-composting stand at the forefront of the quest for sustainability, heralding a future where human activities harmoniously coexist with the environment.

Subject of Research: Biodegradation of antibiotic-contaminated sludge through co-composting processes.

Article Title: Antibiotic Contaminated Sludge Biodegradation by Co-composting Processes: Using Microbiological and Phytotoxicity Tests to Assess Process Efficiency.

Article References:

Alves-Pereira, M., Testolin, R.C., Poyer-Radetski, G. et al. Antibiotic Contaminated Sludge Biodegradation by Co-composting Processes: Using Microbiological and Phytotoxicity Tests to Assess Process Efficiency.
Waste Biomass Valor (2026). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-025-03459-x

Image Credits: AI Generated

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-025-03459-x

Keywords: Antibiotic residues, co-composting, biodegradation, microbiological tests, phytotoxicity, waste management, environmental sustainability.

Water pollution is an ever-growing concern, with industrial discharges, agricultural runoff, and urban waste contributing to the degradation of water quality. This research becomes all the more crucial as conventional water treatment systems often fall short in efficiently removing complex pollutants. The authors of this study have keenly observed that leveraging the natural capabilities of microorganisms could lead to transformative changes in how we manage wastewater. Microbes, the smallest life forms on Earth, have shown remarkable abilities to degrade pollutants, making them pivotal in the push for sustainable water management solutions.

The researchers propose a framework that emphasizes the ecological levers—key factors that can be manipulated to enhance microbial performance in wastewater treatment scenarios. Their findings suggest that by optimizing various environmental parameters, such as nutrient availability, pH, and biofilm formation, it is possible to significantly improve the efficiency of pollutant degradation. This paradigm shift not only reshapes the understanding of microbial communities but also offers actionable insights for enhancing treatment processes in practical applications.

One of the key aspects highlighted in the study is the role of microbial diversity. The researchers found that a diverse microbial community can be more resilient and efficient in breaking down a range of pollutants compared to a homogenized microbial population. This finding reveals a crucial implication for water treatment facilities: the need to foster and maintain biological diversity within treatment systems. By doing so, the microbial consortium can adapt to varying pollutant loads and environmental conditions, leading to more effective and consistent treatment outcomes.

The authors utilized advanced modeling techniques to make accurate predictions about pollutant removal efficiency based on specific ecological parameters. This predictive capability marks a significant advancement in the field, as it allows water treatment facilities to anticipate performance under varying conditions and make necessary adjustments proactively. The integration of predictive modeling with ecological principles is a promising step toward more intelligent and responsive water management strategies.

Moreover, the research underscores the importance of creating environments conducive to microbial growth. This involves not only understanding the basic needs of microorganisms but also recognizing how human activities and pollutants can impact their functionality. The researchers advocate for a more holistic approach to water treatment that considers microbial health as a key priority, much like how we view human health.

As part of their investigation, Jin, L., Zhang, J., and Zhao, H. explored specific case studies demonstrating successful applications of their proposed framework in real-world settings. These case studies serve as compelling evidence of the potential benefits that can be gained from ecological levers in water treatment. For instance, in one scenario, a wastewater treatment plant that adopted these principles experienced a notable reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) levels, illustrating the practical implications of the research findings.

The implications of this research extend beyond just environmental benefits; there are also significant economic ramifications. Enhanced pollutant removal translates to lower treatment costs and improved water quality, which can have positive effects on public health. Communities that invest in more effective water treatment solutions ultimately save money in the long term while providing their citizens with safer drinking water.

In the face of ongoing climate change and population growth, the challenges associated with water scarcity and pollution are expected to intensify. This research provides a beacon of hope, indicating that innovative thinking and a scientific understanding of microbial processes can lead to sustainable solutions for water management. As the world grapples with these pressing issues, the integration of ecological principles into water treatment practices is not only beneficial but essential.

Looking ahead, the researchers aim to collaborate with local municipalities and water treatment facilities to implement their findings in practical settings. This collaborative approach is vital for bridging the gap between research and application, ensuring that the theoretical benefits observed in the study are realized in everyday water management practices.

The promising results of this research signify a crucial step toward reimagining water treatment systems for the future. As society continues to seek innovative and sustainable methods of managing water resources, studies like this one pave the way for transformative changes that not only enhance water quality but also restore ecological balance. The integration of microbial ecology into wastewater treatment is indeed a profound leap towards ensuring a cleaner, healthier planet.

In summary, the work of Jin, L., Zhang, J., and Zhao, H. represents a pivotal advancement in the field of environmental science. By focusing on the ecological levers that govern microbial performance in water treatment, they have opened the door to new possibilities for enhancing pollutant removal predictions. Their commitment to improving our understanding of the microbial world in relation to water quality management is commendable, and their research will undoubtedly resonate with environmental scientists, policymakers, and the broader community concerned with water sustainability.

As the findings from this study continue to circulate within the scientific community, it is hoped that they will inspire further research and innovation in the field of water treatment, leading to a future where clean water is accessible to all.

Subject of Research: Microbially Driven Water Treatment and Pollutant Removal

Article Title: Ecological levers for microbially driven water treatment enhance pollutant removal prediction

Article References: Jin, L., Zhang, J., Zhao, H. et al. Ecological levers for microbially driven water treatment enhance pollutant removal prediction. Commun Earth Environ (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-025-02996-6

Image Credits: AI Generated

DOI: 10.1038/s43247-025-02996-6

Keywords: Microbial Ecology, Water Treatment, Pollutant Removal, Sustainable Solutions, Water Quality Management

Persistent organic pollutants, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents, and various pesticides, are compounds characterized by their long-lasting stability in the environment and their potential to bioaccumulate in food chains. Their chemical resilience renders conventional remediation technologies — such as chemical oxidation, thermal treatment, or soil excavation — costly, environmentally invasive, and frequently ineffective. Amid these challenges, bioremediation, leveraging microorganisms to detoxify pollutants, has emerged as an attractive alternative due to its eco-friendly nature. However, microbial efficacy in heavily contaminated sites is frequently compromised by toxic conditions, nutrient scarcity, or environmental stresses.

The newly proposed framework centers on the use of biochar, a carbonaceous material produced by pyrolysis of organic biomass under limited oxygen conditions. Biochar’s unique physicochemical properties, including high porosity, large specific surface area, and diverse surface functional groups, create a multifaceted platform for adsorbing pollutants and supporting microbial colonization. By serving as a scaffold for microbial adhesion and growth, biochar not only protects degrading microbes from toxic environmental factors but also concentrates contaminants in proximity to their biocatalysts, thereby enhancing biodegradation kinetics.

Several recent advancements have amplified the potential of biochar-supported microbial systems. Enriching biochar with nutrients and electron donors tailored to microbial metabolic needs optimizes microbial vitality and activity within polluted matrices. Moreover, biochar can be engineered with specific surface chemistries to selectively adsorb target pollutants, ensuring enhanced contaminant bioavailability for microbial degradation. Complementing these advances, the design of synthetic microbial consortia—assemblies of different microorganisms with complementary degradative functions—facilitates comprehensive breakdown pathways for complex pollutant mixtures.

Practical applications of biochar-supported microbial remediation have demonstrated remarkable successes across diverse contaminated domains. In agricultural settings, they have accelerated the decomposition of persistent pesticide residues, restoring soil health and crop safety. In industrial wastewater treatment, these systems have facilitated rapid detoxification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and dye contaminants, transforming effluents into less harmful discharges. Domestic environments, often plagued by mixed organic pollutants, have also benefited from these integrated approaches, which advance pollutant mineralization without generating secondary waste.

While the laboratory and pilot-scale achievements are promising, translating these biochar-microbial systems to field-scale deployment demands rigorous validation and monitoring. Long-term studies evaluating microbe survival, pollutant degradation rates, and ecosystem impacts are essential for optimizing system design and operational conditions. Additionally, understanding the interactions among biochar properties, microbial community dynamics, and environmental variables is crucial for tailoring interventions to specific contamination profiles and site conditions.

Beyond immediate remediation outcomes, biochar-supported microbial technologies align with the principles of circular economy and sustainable development. By repurposing biomass waste into functional biochar and harnessing natural microbial processes, these systems minimize reliance on chemical reagents, reduce environmental footprints, and promote ecosystem restoration. Such interdisciplinary convergence of materials science and microbial ecology epitomizes the future of environmentally responsible innovations.

Lead author Haowei Wu emphasizes the transformative potential of this approach, highlighting how the integration of advanced biochar materials with engineered microbial ecosystems can revolutionize pollution management. According to Wu, “This strategy offers new hope for restoring polluted environments and safeguarding public health by enabling effective and sustainable degradation of recalcitrant organic pollutants.”

The scholarly article detailing these findings is published in the latest issue of Biochar, a peer-reviewed journal dedicated solely to biochar research across disciplines such as environmental science, agronomy, and materials engineering. The open-access publication invites researchers worldwide to explore the intricate science underpinning biochar applications and their environmental implications.

Biochar as a material stands at the interface of multiple scientific domains. Its production parameters—including feedstock type, pyrolysis temperature, and post-treatment modifications—profoundly influence its physicochemical nature and, consequently, its interaction with both pollutants and microbial communities. Thus, interdisciplinary research efforts are vital for forging next-generation biochar products optimized for site-specific remediation tasks.

Moreover, dissecting microbial community structures within biochar matrices elucidates the biological mechanisms driving degradation pathways. Molecular techniques such as metagenomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics afford insights into the functional genes engaged during pollutant breakdown, offering opportunities to engineer bespoke microbial consortia with enhanced catabolic capabilities.

Environmental remediation strategies integrating biochar-supported microbial systems directly address sustainable management goals by emphasizing in situ treatment modalities. Unlike mechanical removal or incineration, such biological-chemical hybrid systems maintain soil integrity, conserve resources, and mitigate secondary pollution hazards, thereby aligning remediation with ecosystem preservation.

Importantly, future research trajectories should focus on scalable production methods for functionalized biochar, deploying synthetic microbial communities resilient to complex environmental stresses, and integrating real-time monitoring technologies to track degradation progress. Collectively, these advancements will catalyze the transition from laboratory feasibility to widespread environmental application.

In conclusion, the innovative use of biochar-supported microbial systems represents a paradigm shift in combatting persistent organic pollutants, combining the strengths of material science and microbial ecology into a potent system for environmental remediation. As the global community grapples with mounting pollution challenges, such forward-thinking strategies illuminate pathways towards healthier ecosystems and a more sustainable future.

Article Title: Biochar-supported microbial systems: a strategy for remediation of persistent organic pollutants
News Publication Date: 26-Sep-2025
References: Wu, H., Huo, Y., Qi, F. et al. Biochar-supported microbial systems: a strategy for remediation of persistent organic pollutants. Biochar 7, 113 (2025). DOI: 10.1007/s42773-025-00506-7
Image Credits: Haowei Wu, Yuxin Huo, Fengyuan Qi, Yuqi Zhang, Ran Li & Min Qiao
Keywords: Bioremediation, Environmental remediation, Biotechnology, Environmental engineering, Environmental sciences

The concept of a biopile is rooted in the principles of bioremediation, a process that utilizes microorganisms to degrade and detoxify pollutants in the environment. Over the past decade, the efficacy of biopile systems has been significantly enhanced through the adoption of modern technology and methodologies. This research underscores the myriad improvements made, marking a decade rich with transformation and advancement. The systematic modifications have elevated biopiling from a passive recovery method to a dynamic, efficient, and highly effective remediation strategy.

At the core of this research is the invaluable combination of bioremediation practices with cutting-edge artificial intelligence (AI) tools. AI has infused sophistication into biopile management, allowing for precise monitoring and optimization of microbial activity and pollutant breakdown. By leveraging machine learning algorithms, researchers can analyze vast datasets to predict biopile performance, thereby fine-tuning parameters such as aeration, moisture content, and nutrient levels. This predictive capability enables remediation efforts to be not only faster but also remarkably resource-efficient.

Ostovar and colleagues delve into the latest research and findings surrounding the physiological needs of microorganisms within biopile environments. By optimizing these conditions, the degradation rates of hazardous compounds can be significantly increased. This is paramount in addressing pressing issues such as petroleum hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and other legacy contaminants that have long posed threats to soil health and human safety. Their work clarifies that a well-supported microbial community can act as a formidable ally in the battle against environmental pollution.

Furthermore, the integration of AI into biopile systems presents a transformative shift in how we visualize soil remediation processes. Machines and algorithms can now autonomously control key aspects of remediation strategies, reducing the need for manual oversight. This automation not only enhances efficacy but also minimizes human error, a frequent concern in environmental management. The researchers highlight multiple case studies where AI has played an instrumental role in increasing the success rates of remediation efforts.

The decade of advancements in biopile technology has also opened doors for interdisciplinary collaboration. Ostovar et al. emphasize the need for combined expertise from environmental scientists, engineers, and data analysts to foster innovative solutions in soil treatment. This collective approach has already yielded promising results, allowing researchers to develop more robust strategies tailored to specific contaminants and site conditions. The evolution of this collaborative culture underscores the reality that environmental challenges do not exist in isolation; they necessitate a comprehensive, multidisciplinary response.

One notable section of the research discusses the challenges that remain despite these advancements. Biopile systems, while revolutionary, are not a panacea for all soil contamination problems. Certain pollutants may demonstrate resistance to degradation, and the natural variability of soil conditions can complicate remediation efforts. Ostovar and team suggest that a more nuanced understanding of the interactions between pollutants, soil types, and microbial communities is crucial for achieving optimal results. Their call for ongoing research and development is a testament to the complexity of environmental challenges faced today.

The article also emphasizes the importance of stakeholder engagement and public awareness in bioremediation initiatives. Effective communication about the benefits and limitations of biopile technologies is essential for fostering public trust and facilitating community involvement in remediation projects. By demystifying the science and showcasing successful outcomes, researchers can garner support and create a more informed populace that understands the nuances of soil health and environmental conservation.

As the world grapples with the consequences of climate change and mismanaged industrial practices, the quest for sustainable soil remediation has never been more critical. Ostovar et al.’s insights serve as a clarion call to the global community, urging a collective commitment to cleaner, healthier ecosystems. Their work stands as a beacon of hope, illustrating how innovative technology, when coupled with dedicated research, can yield meaningful progress.

Additionally, the researchers advocate for policy frameworks that support the integration of these new technologies within environmental regulations. By aligning governmental policy with innovative bioremediation practices, a more robust and proactive approach to environmental management can be established. Such policies would encourage investment in research and development, driving the advancement of greener technologies that promise both economic and ecological resilience.

In conclusion, the research spearheaded by Ostovar and colleagues represents a critical juncture in the field of environmental science. By documenting a decade of improvements in biopile-based soil remediation and intertwining these advancements with AI tools, their work not only informs best practices but also inspires a forward-looking vision for future research. As environmental challenges continue to evolve, so too must our strategies and technologies, ensuring the protection and restoration of our planet for generations to come.

With the promise of artificial intelligence and bioremediation technologies combined, the future of sustainable soil remediation looks brighter than ever. Researchers are confident that ongoing exploration and innovation will yield even greater breakthroughs, transforming the ways in which we approach soil contamination and restoration. As Ostovar et al. aptly illustrate, the decade of advancements they present is just the beginning of a much larger narrative towards environmental healing.

Subject of Research: Sustainable Soil Remediation and Biopile Technologies

Article Title: Advancements in biopile-based sustainable soil remediation: a decade of improvements, integrating bioremediation technologies and AI-based innovative tools.

Article References:
Ostovar, M., Muñana, S., Galdames, A. et al. Advancements in biopile-based sustainable soil remediation: a decade of improvements, integrating bioremediation technologies and AI-based innovative tools.
i>Environ Sci Pollut Res (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-025-37002-1

Image Credits: AI Generated

DOI:

Keywords: Biopile, Soil Remediation, Bioremediation, Artificial Intelligence, Environmental Science

The overview of this study illustrates a clear pressing need for innovative solutions to enhance the effectiveness of environmental cleanup strategies. Traditional methods of pollution remediation often rely on physical or chemical treatments, which, while effective, can be costly and may introduce additional environmental hazards. Alavian and Khodabakhshi’s research advocates for an interdisciplinary approach, wherein microbial biotechnology exploits the natural abilities of microbes, empowered by the precise calculations of artificial intelligence.

Microbial bioremediation leverages the innate capabilities of microorganisms to degrade or transform pollutants into less harmful substances, thus restoring contaminated environments. This natural process can be significantly accelerated and optimized with AI, which can analyze vast datasets to predict microbial behavior and interactions in varying environmental conditions. By harnessing AI’s prowess, researchers can fine-tune the selection of microbe strains best suited for specific contaminants, ultimately enhancing the success rates of remediation projects.

One of the key highlights of the research is the integration of machine learning algorithms designed to analyze microbial genomes. The authors indicate that AI methodologies can expedite the identification of specific pathways through which microbes metabolize pollutants. This level of insight offers the potential for highly tailored remediation strategies that can be deployed based on localized pollutant profiles. The implications of such customized interventions in environmental remediation could redefine operational methodologies in the field.

Additionally, the study explores the application of AI in real-time monitoring of bioremediation processes. The authors present models that can predict environmental changes and microbial population dynamics, thus allowing for timely adjustments in remediation strategies. Such proactive measures can enhance the effectiveness of cleanup efforts and further minimize the duration of environmental recovery. By leveraging AI tools, practitioners will possess a more agile approach to managing remediation efforts, making it possible to respond to unforeseen challenges or failures rapidly.

The contribution of AI to microbial biotechnology is not confined to merely accelerating the bioremediation process; it also introduces an analytical element that has previously been underutilized. The data collected from various remediation projects can now be used to train AI models, creating a feedback loop that improves the understanding of microbial efficacy over time. This continuous learning mechanism is paramount for achieving sustained results in environmental remediation efforts.

Furthermore, the authors delve into the cost-effectiveness of incorporating AI into bioremediation practices. As remediation projects can often stretch budgets, introducing intelligent systems could mitigate costs through improved project predictions and resource allocations. The financial implications extend beyond the immediate project expenses, as enhanced remediation strategies could result in lowering long-term ecological restoration costs. By minimizing pollutant persistence and advancing recovery rates, there exists potential for substantial economic savings for municipalities and organizations.

In their research, Alavian and Khodabakhshi also underscore the environmental implications of their findings. Effective microbial bioremediation supported by AI can lead not just to cleaner soils and waters but can result in broader ecological benefits, such as improved biodiversity and enhanced ecosystem services. The restoration of habitats—often lost due to pollution—is crucial for maintaining the balance of local ecosystems. Aided by these innovative technologies, the reclamation of these environments can become a feasible reality.

The authors even touch on the potential for AI and microbial technology to play significant roles in addressing global challenges such as climate change. Noting that various pollutants are not only harmful to ecosystems but also contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, they propose that microbial breakdown of such contaminants—enhanced by AI—could serve as a strategy for mitigating climate impacts. This perspective aligns with broader goals of sustainable development, making their work critical for both science and societal advancement.

As with any advancing technology, the integration of AI into environmental biotechnology does come with challenges. The study highlights concerns regarding data management, such as ensuring that the datasets utilized for training AI systems are representative and comprehensive. Limitations in sample diversity could impede the robustness of AI outputs and, consequently, remediation strategies. Furthermore, the need for interdisciplinary collaboration between biotechnologists, ecologists, computer scientists, and policymakers is imperative in translating AI-enhanced methodologies from the laboratory to real-world applications.

In conclusion, Alavian and Khodabakhshi’s contribution to the field encapsulates a progressive vision of sustainable environmental remediation powered by artificial intelligence and microbial technology. As these methodologies continue to develop, they offer optimistic pathways toward remediating polluted environments and fostering ecological resilience. Their research not only emphasizes the promising capabilities of merging cutting-edge science with practical applications but also champions an integrated approach necessary to tackle the multifaceted environmental challenges of our times.

By drawing together the innovative threads of AI and microbial biotechnology, the implications of their work extend far beyond academics, advocating for a practical reimagining of how society can interact with and restore natural ecosystems. As discussions about sustainability and environmental stewardship rise to the forefront of global dialogue, the findings of Alavian and Khodabakhshi are set to inspire a new generation of environmentally focused technologies and methodologies.

Subject of Research: Integration of artificial intelligence with microbial biotechnology for sustainable environmental remediation.

Article Title: Integrating artificial intelligence with microbial biotechnology for sustainable environmental remediation.

Article References:

Alavian, F., Khodabakhshi, F. Integrating artificial intelligence with microbial biotechnology for sustainable environmental remediation. Environ Monit Assess 197, 1183 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-025-14666-3

Image Credits: AI Generated

DOI: 10.1007/s10661-025-14666-3

Keywords: artificial intelligence, microbial biotechnology, environmental remediation, sustainability, pollution, bioremediation, machine learning, ecological restoration, climate change mitigation.