The study approaches the problem through the concept of human agency, the capacity of individuals to act deliberately against the constraints of their circumstances. Drawing on theoretical work by scholars such as Albert Bandura, Margaret Archer and Pierre Bourdieu, the author examines whether Black academics are exerting that agency to challenge discrimination, or whether structural pressures are suppressing it. From an intersectional perspective, the paper argues that Black scholars face multiple, overlapping layers of disadvantage, including race, ethnicity and class, which raises the stakes of any public challenge to the institutional status quo.

The central finding is stark: most of the interviewed academics said they were afraid to speak out candidly against discrimination because they believed it could cost them their careers. Participants in the study requested anonymity, reflecting what the author describes as a climate in which candid criticism of racial inequality is perceived as professionally dangerous. The paper contends that this silence is not neutrality but, in the author’s framing, a form of participation in sustaining the conditions that produce it.

To ground the analysis, the study uses two comparative country cases: Britain and Germany. In Britain, the research points to a body of evidence on racial disparity in academia, including reporting in Nature on how UK science is failing Black researchers, work on the barriers facing Black PhD students seeking research council funding, and studies describing what has been called an unspoken system of exclusion for academics of colour in elite universities. Reports by the Equality and Human Rights Commission and a 2023 assessment by United Nations experts, which described discrimination against people of African descent in the UK as structural, institutional and systemic, are cited as corroborating context.

Germany presents a different but related picture. The paper notes that Germany does not systematically collect ethnicity data, a gap that researchers have pushed to close and which, the author argues, makes racial inequality harder to measure and to challenge. Studies and reports cited in the paper, including the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights survey on the experiences of people of African descent and coverage by Reuters finding that anti-Black racism is rising across EU countries led by Germany, are used to suggest that the absence of data does not mean the absence of discrimination. Historical context, including Germany’s colonial past in Africa, is also invoked to explain the depth of the structural legacy the study addresses.

Theoretically, the paper draws a distinction between the capacity for agency and its exercise. Citing literature on agency across the life course, on autonomy and oppression, and on the way social structures shape individual dispositions, the author argues that the weak exercise of agency among Black scholars is not simply a personal failing but a product of institutional environments in which the cost of protest is high and the reward is low. Concepts from critical race theory and from Kimberlé Crenshaw’s work on intersectionality frame the argument that discrimination operates through interlocking systems rather than isolated incidents.

The study’s methodological approach is qualitative, combining semi-structured interviews with thematic analysis of the resulting transcripts and documentary analysis of the contemporary literature on discrimination in academia. The author states that informed consent was obtained from all participants, who chose to take part willingly but only on condition of anonymity. Because the author works as an independent scholar, no institutional ethics committee review was sought, a point declared openly in the paper. The research was conducted in accordance with applicable research guidelines, according to the author’s declarations, and no external funding was received.

Beyond diagnosis, the paper proposes a remedy framed as a renewed Black consciousness disposition. The author argues for a form of scholarly self-awareness that produces academics who are neither pacifiers nor consensus-builders but individuals with critical and reflexive minds, willing to confront injustice directly. The argument invokes a lineage of thinkers and activists, including Steve Biko, Frantz Fanon, W.E.B. Du Bois and Nelson Mandela, alongside figures such as Stuart Hall and Chinua Achebe’s contemporary Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, to argue that intellectual courage has historically been central to struggles against racial oppression. In the author’s words, a closed mouth is described as a closed destiny.

The paper also engages with uncomfortable recent events in British academia, including the case of Jason Arday, the former Cambridge University professor who was found dead at home in August 2026 amid a plagiarism controversy that prompted debate about whether media scrutiny was applied with a racial double standard. Black academics quoted in press coverage described the affair as old racist wine in a new bottle, and the study treats the episode as illustrative of the precarious position Black scholars occupy, where public visibility can bring intense and potentially damaging scrutiny.

The study’s implications reach beyond the ten interviews that form its core evidence. If, as the author argues, institutional pressures systematically discourage Black academics from naming discrimination, then universities in Britain, Germany and across Europe are receiving a distorted picture of the problem from within their own workforces, and formal equality policies risk addressing a sanitized version of reality. The paper suggests that strengthening the agency of Black scholars requires not only individual courage but structural change: transparent mechanisms for reporting discrimination, protection against retaliation, better ethnicity data collection in countries such as Germany, and a scholarly culture that values critical dissent rather than punishing it. Whether institutions are prepared to make speaking out less costly, the study concludes, will determine whether the current cycle of silence and sustained discrimination can be broken.

Subject of Research: Black scholars' agency and racial discrimination in British and German academia

Article Title: Is the weak agency of Black scholars escalating the prevalence of discrimination in academia?

Article References: Simuziya, N. J. (2026). Is the weak agency of Black scholars escalating the prevalence of discrimination in academia?. SN Social Sciences, 6(10), Article 453. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43545-026-01733-w

Image Credits: AI Generated

DOI: 10.1007/s43545-026-01733-w

Keywords: Black scholars, racial discrimination, academia, human agency, intersectionality, Britain, Germany, Black consciousness, higher education, qualitative research, critical race theory, institutional racism