In the increasingly competitive field of exoplanet research, the need for high-precision spectroscopy has never been more apparent. Traditional methods involve analyzing light from distant stars to detect the gravitational influences of orbiting planets, which cause tiny shifts in the star’s light. For planets comparable in size to Earth, these shifts are typically smaller than the inherent noise in current spectrograph systems. Thus, the introduction of laser frequency combs, which emit thousands of precisely spaced spectral lines, serves as an essential reference system, acting as exceedingly accurate wavelength rulers to gauge these shifts. The team’s spectral shaper promises to render these laser emissions even more precise, offering a significant boost in the detection of smaller stellar motions.

At the helm of this research initiative is Derryck T. Reid, who notes the staggering implications of their findings, particularly the prospect of identifying planets with characteristics similar to Earth orbiting sun-like stars. Reid asserts that the new spectral shaper technology can reduce disparities between the spectral lines of laser frequency combs, sharply enhancing the accuracy of spectrograph instruments to capture cosmic phenomena that previously remained obscured by noise. This level of precision could lead to groundbreaking discoveries in the realm of exoplanetary science, potentially uncovering planets that could harbor life.

In a publication within the reputable journal Optica, Reid and his team detail their findings, including how this new spectral shaping method has allowed them to control 10,000 distinct lines of light—an extraordinary enhancement over previous methods. The significance of this development is encapsulated in the control it affords researchers over the spectral output, marking a ten-fold improvement in operational performance. The implications of this increased control extend well beyond astronomy, with prospects for applications in telecommunications and quantum optics, where the fidelity of signals and data rates could be substantially improved thanks to this new spectral management technology.

The crux of a spectral shaper lies in its capacity to modify the spectrum of light to achieve precise spectral attributes. For instance, if a light source exhibits excessive intensity in specific areas of the spectrum, a spectral shaper can mitigate these wavelengths to create a more balanced distribution. This kind of tuning is essential for filtering out noise and achieving clarity in measurement. Typically, a prism would be utilized to disperse light into a spectrum, forming what is known as a one-dimensional line spectrum. However, this does not align well with the two-dimensional array of pixels found in spatial light modulators, which provide a programmable method to control light intensity and phase over a broad spectrum.

The research team took advantage of this capability by drawing inspiration from astronomical spectrographs utilized in large, ground-based telescopes, which neatly divide light spectra into multiple rows. This configuration is ideal for high-resolution two-dimensional sensors. By integrating a spatial light modulator in place of a conventional spectrograph camera, the researchers gained the ability to manipulate the spectrum of light spanning a wide bandwidth with unprecedented accuracy. By aligning each spectral line of the frequency comb with specific pixels in the modulator, they achieved the remarkable feat of shaping the spectrum into intricate forms, sculpting the spectral output to meet experimental demands.

The journey of developing this spectral shaper was not without technical hurdles. The researchers constructed a laboratory version of an astronomical spectrograph to explore the potential of their spectral shaping technology. Utilizing an algorithm, they compared the actual measured spectrum against a desired target shape, adjusting the spatial light modulator as needed to produce the ideal output. This iterative process entailed extensive testing to enable the modulation of the frequency comb’s spectral lines, allowing for a variety of controlled adjustments to the output.

During their experiments, the team successfully demonstrated the ability to fine-tune the spectrum and control the individual modes of 10,000 comb lines over a broad range of wavelengths—from 580 to 950 nanometers. Remarkably, this setup achieved a bandwidth-to-resolution ratio exceeding 20,000, a notable advancement when considering that previous demonstrations could only manage control over a few hundred comb lines, with much lower bandwidth-to-resolution ratios. The capability to exercise such fine control over spectral characteristics is a pivotal breakthrough for the field of spectroscopy.

As exciting as these developments are, the researchers are not resting on their laurels. The next step involves real-world testing of their spectral shaper at the Southern African Large Telescope, aiming to evaluate its performance under actual observational conditions. The results of this endeavor could further validate the utility of their spectral shaper technology and its capabilities. With exoplanet research rapidly evolving, the team’s spectral shaping technology stands poised to play a transformative role in expanding our understanding of planetary systems beyond our own.

With far-reaching implications across various scientific arenas, from astronomy to telecommunications, this research underscores the vital ongoing relationship between advanced engineering and the natural sciences. The interface of technology and fundamental science in developing tools like this spectral shaper exemplifies how interdisciplinary approaches can yield revolutionary advancements that deepen our insight into the universe. As the quest continues to uncover new worlds, technologies like these could be paramount in enabling discoveries that broaden the horizons of human knowledge and understanding of our cosmic neighbors.

In conclusion, the innovative spectral management technology developed by Reid and his team represents a significant leap forward in the field of spectroscopy. By enhancing the precision of spectral measurements, this technology holds the promise of ushering in a new era of discovery in exoplanet research. The implications for this work reach well beyond astronomy, reinforcing the interconnected nature of scientific pursuits and the importance of technological advancements in unlocking the potential of the universe.

Subject of Research: Spectral shaping technology for laser frequency combs in exoplanet detection
Article Title: Line-by-line control of 10,000 modes in a 20 GHz laser frequency comb
News Publication Date: October 2023
Web References: https://www.hw.ac.uk/; https://opg.optica.org/
References: W. Newman, J. M. Charsley, Y. S. Cheng, D. T. Reid, “Line-by-line control of 10,000 modes in a 20 GHz laser frequency comb” 12, (2025).
Image Credits: William Newman, Heriot-Watt University

Keywords

• Astronomy
• Astrophysics
• Exoplanets
• Spectroscopy

Traditional methods of diagnosing and treating eczema often involve a prolonged and frustrating journey for patients, frequently characterized by trial and error with various creams and medications. The research details how current treatments result in a cumbersome management system, where eczema sufferers benefit from limited options and face extended waiting periods for effective solutions. Eczema, known in medical terms as atopic dermatitis, impacts around 20% of children and 10% of adults in the UK, resulting in approximately £179 million in annual costs for the National Health Service due to GP consultations.

The acclaimed research team, headed by Professor Michael Crichton at Heriot-Watt University’s Global Research Institute in Health and Care Technologies, has developed the sensor to accurately measure changes in the skin’s layers through low-frequency vibrations. This technology is groundbreaking as it eliminates reliance on visual assessments, which have stagnated for decades and often fail to account for variations in skin tones. This is particularly important in dermatology, as visual diagnostics based solely on skin appearance can lead to significant misdiagnoses, especially in patients with darker skin tones.

Dr. Connor Bain, an engineer working on the project, shares insights into the sensor’s capabilities. By assessing the elasticity of skin layers and fluctuations in tissue fluid content, the sensor allows healthcare professionals to detect signs of inflammation and disease progression much earlier in the treatment process. This shift not only promises more accurate diagnoses but also helps streamline treatment protocols, which typically see patients oscillating between various medications without a systematic approach.

As the funding progresses, the goal is to speed up the commercialization of TissueMetrics, with a targeted spin-out planned for 2026. This initiative aligns with government objectives to transition healthcare delivery into community settings, relieving pressure on hospitals while improving access to specialized care for patients grappling with skin disorders. With the help of this innovative technology, dermatological assessments could potentially take place in local pharmacies and healthcare clinics, significantly reducing the burden of time and logistics currently faced by patients.

Dr. Sara Medina-Lombardero, who is spearheading the clinical development aspect of the project, emphasizes the importance of correlating the sensor’s measurements with those of traditional dermatological evaluations. Successful outcomes are expected to pave the way for enhanced care, with the potential for early detection and efficient management of eczema within community healthcare timings. The quest for reliable diagnostic methods could soon transform patient experiences, enabling quicker treatment pathways.

Professor Richard Weller, a prominent figure in NHS Research Scotland, underscored the pressing need to modernize eczema treatment protocols, which are currently inefficient and heavily reliant on subjective assessments. The introduction of this technology provides quantitative data that could hasten the identification of effective treatments and drastically reduce waiting times for patients. The shift towards community-based care combined with objective data collection is set to radically improve patient outcomes.

Patients like Asheema Kour share their enduring struggles with eczema, recounting how their lives are limited by flare-ups and the psychological burden of the condition. Asheema’s experiences reflect a broader concern over healthcare disparities, particularly for individuals from diverse backgrounds. The imperative for representation in medical research and practice is highlighted, as well as the potential relief that the new sensor could provide. Objective measurements in treatment efficacy could finally translate to significant quality-of-life improvements for many.

Beginning now, clinical testing will initiate involving patients experiencing moderate eczema who require third or fourth-line treatments. The goal is to not only validate the sensor’s effectiveness but also gather valuable feedback from both patients and clinicians regarding its usability in real-world settings. This approach elucidates a commitment to patient-centered outcomes—a vital aspect of the healthcare system.

Professor Gillian Murray, a deputy principal at Heriot-Watt University, praised the innovation as a pivotal development in line with the NHS’s comprehensive strategy for future healthcare delivery. By empowering community healthcare professionals with advanced imaging techniques, the project represents a significant leap toward bridging the gap between current dermatological care and the needs of patients. New market prospects fueled by university-led research signify a paradigm shift that could revolutionize healthcare access.

Through the amalgamation of cutting-edge technology, patient-centric approaches, and a commitment to addressing systemic issues within healthcare, TissueMetrics stands poised to make a lasting impact on how eczema is understood and treated. The message sent by this research is both clear and compelling: innovation in medical technology can catalyze meaningful change in patient care, especially for conditions that have long been overlooked or inadequately managed.

The development of the vibroacoustic sensor symbolizes not only a breakthrough in clinical methodology but also a profound understanding of the multifaceted nature of eczema and the imperatives for inclusive healthcare solutions. As the funding and clinical trials progress, the medical world can remain hopeful for significant advancements that could redefine treatment trajectories and improve lives on a grand scale.

This initiative embodies the potential of advanced research to change the landscape of dermatological care, making strides toward a future wherein patients are heard, validated, and ultimately healed.

Subject of Research: Vibroacoustic sensor technology for eczema diagnosis and treatment
Article Title: Breakthrough in Eczema Management: Revolutionizing Diagnosis and Treatment
News Publication Date: [To be filled as applicable]
Web References: [To be filled as applicable]
References: [To be filled as applicable]
Image Credits: Credit: Heriot-Watt University

Keywords

Health, Dermatology, Eczema, Vibroacoustic, Medical Technology, Patient Care, Health Disparities, Community Healthcare, Clinical Innovation.

The foundation of this research lies in understanding and manipulating the optical characteristics of light through an innovative concept: adding a time dimension to light. For years, scientists have speculated about the possibility of harnessing this additional dimension to optimize how light travels and behaves in various materials. Heriot-Watt University’s nanophotonics experts have successfully made this once-theoretical notion a tangible reality through their extensive research.

At the heart of this exploration are materials called transparent conducting oxides (TCOs). These remarkable substances—often found in modern technologies like solar panels and touch screens—allow scientists to observe and control light interactions at incredibly small scales. The research team found ways to manipulate TCOs so that they could alter the flow of light through the material, achieving control over path and energy levels of photons. These nanoparticle films are just 250 nanometers thick, providing a newfound level of finesse in optical manipulation that was previously unimaginable.

Dr. Marcello Ferrera, Associate Professor of Nanophotonics leading this exciting research, alongside a talented team of colleagues, has been instrumental in sculpting how TCOs can be used. The researchers employed ultra-fast pulses of light to radiate the TCOs, which resulted in a temporally engineered layer capable of unprecedented control over how individual photons are directed and energized. This astounding ability could herald an entirely new chapter in the processing and transmission of data.

The implication of such advanced control over light is monumental. It suggests the possibility of vastly improved data processing speeds, opening doors for a range of applications from optical computation to artificial intelligence and integrated quantum technologies. The research does not merely lay the groundwork for enhancements; it hints at game-changing technologies that can fundamentally alter our approach to computing and information sharing.

“What we’re creating holds immense transformative potential for our day-to-day experiences,” Dr. Ferrera elaborates. “The intersection of nonlinear materials with a more comprehensive understanding of light manipulation can identify new pathways for improvement in the realms of data centers and artificial intelligence.” This dual capacity to manage both the speed and volume of information processed could play an essential role in meeting our growing societal needs.

Moreover, the team emphasizes the urgent demand for high-bandwidth processing. In a world moving increasingly towards virtual experiences, ensuring smooth and efficient interactions necessitates significant computational power. Dr. Ferrera advocates for a vision of the future where immersive virtual meetings or experiences rely heavily on the advanced capabilities this new material could provide. Enhanced computational speed and efficiency might soon allow us to visualize and engage in ways previously confined to science fiction.

One of the most intriguing aspects of this research is its potential to mimic the human brain’s function through innovative computational means. The materials being investigated can lead to substantial drops in energy consumption while simultaneously raising productivity levels. This could reduce operational costs while paving the way for a new generation of technology that not only meets the demands of complex tasks but does so sustainably.

As the research continues to gain momentum, further breakthroughs could emerge from this innovative study. The team’s ability to manipulate TCOs fosters a unique setting where they can explore a ‘fourth dimension’ related to photon speed control. This extraordinary capability opens possibilities for amplification, quantum state creation, and pioneering forms of light control—all pivotal to advancing our technological landscape.

Dr. Ferrera encapsulates the essence of their research, presenting it as a profound leap forward in nonlinear optics. “We are venturing into an age where we can manipulate light without relying on traditional electric signals,” he claims confidently. This shift could transform how scientists approach fabricating materials and designing systems that manipulate light.

In their findings, published in the renowned journal Nature Photonics, the researchers unveil their groundbreaking work. Their study presents a compelling case for the influence of time-varying media on optical properties, resonating with a growing chorus of scientists eager to harness these capabilities. The discussions surrounding their work may inspire new techniques in managing optical signals that transcend the limitations of existing processes.

Collaboration across institutions has been a crucial driver of this research’s success. Key contributors, including esteemed experts from Purdue University, have echoed the significance of these advancements in integrated nonlinear optics, highlighting a transformative shift for the field. The ability to manipulate optical signals efficiently and effectively at unprecedented timescales could set new benchmarks in information processing.

The implications of this research extend far beyond academic curiosity. As organizations attempt to embrace deeper engagement in digital spheres, the advancements presented here could serve as a bedrock for a multitude of applications within the tech industry. From innovative computing strategies to enhanced telecommunications, the anticipated effects could redefine industry standards and the pursuit of higher efficiencies.

Heriot-Watt University’s ongoing efforts validate the importance of continued investment in such transformative research. With funding from the UK-Canada Quantum for Science Research Collaboration, Dr. Ferrera’s team is poised to advance their exploration of these materials and further their significant contributions to photonics. This collaboration underscores a critical understanding: the future of technology relies heavily on the collective innovations that emerge when diverse fields converge.

As this research unveils its potential, society brims with anticipation for what advancements lie ahead. The promise of more efficient, powerful, and controllable materials stands at the forefront of our technological future, inspiring industry leaders, researchers, and consumers alike. What we are witnessing now is more than just a scientific breakthrough; it is a glimpse into the future of how we will interact with light and, by extension, all digital technology.

Subject of Research: Manipulation of light through transparent conducting oxides (TCOs)
Article Title: Spatio-spectral optical fission in time-varying subwavelength layers
News Publication Date: 7-Mar-2025
Web References: Nature Photonics Article
References: Ferrera et al., Nature Photonics, 2025.
Image Credits: Heriot-Watt University

Keywords

Photonics, Light sources, Laser systems, Subwavelength apertures, Transformation optics, Technology

The study encompasses interviews with women across five distinct areas of Northern Ireland, including urban locations such as Belfast and Derry, along with rural settings in County Antrim and County Fermanagh. By focusing on the geographic diversity, the research captures the varying degrees of isolation and vulnerability faced by women based on their location. The findings are disconcerting: many of these women encounter violence not just from intimate partners but also from extended family members and strangers, creating an environment where escaping abuse becomes extraordinarily difficult. The cumulative effect of the violence produces a climate of fear and trauma that exacerbates their already precarious situations, often making it impossible for them to find refuge.

In rural areas, the study reveals a particularly dire scenario. Many women articulate feelings of isolation owing to limited access to essential support services. This isolation becomes a tool for abusers, who utilize it to exert control, with women frequently feeling unable to speak out or seek help. One poignant testimony from a participant illustrates this cycle of incremental abuse, highlighting how psychological manipulation can entrap women internally, making the act of seeking help feel nearly impossible. It paints a vivid picture of the emotional turmoil that many face, struggling to break free from their circumstances while feeling continually drawn into the web of their abuser’s influence.

Although the criminal and civil justice systems are meant to offer protection, the reality for many women is starkly different. The report underscores significant gaps in these systems, showcasing how inconsistent police responses can leave women feeling vulnerable and unsupported. A chilling account details an instance where a woman, despite having a valid protection order, faced an immediate threat when her abuser invaded her home. The police response took hours, a delay that could have had catastrophic results. Such experiences are emblematic of systemic shortcomings that need urgent addressing, as they contribute to a broader narrative in which the safety of women is compromised even within the frameworks designed to protect them.

The transitional spaces meant to provide safety, such as temporary accommodations, often fail to create a secure environment for women escaping violence. Many women report feeling re-traumatized in settings that do not account for their unique vulnerabilities. Stories from these women reveal that mixed-gender facilities can unintentionally expose them to similar dangers that prompted their need to escape in the first place, creating a baffling cycle where seeking help leads to further danger. Some women, driven by the lack of safety, resort to sleeping rough, underscoring the failures of society to provide adequate safe spaces for victims of violence.

Furthermore, the intersection of substance abuse with the trauma of violence reveals complex barriers faced by these women as they seek aid. For some women, substance use becomes a coping mechanism in the absence of effective support systems. Unfortunately, this reliance on substances frequently leads to exclusion from mainstream accommodation services, pushing these women towards perilous forms of homelessness that expose them to heightened violence. Their precarious situations are compounded by the stigma attached to substance use, which can lead to further marginalization and an increased risk of trauma.

Dr. Lynne McMordie of the Institute for Social Policy, Equalities and Housing Research (I-SPHERE) emphasizes the systemic failings highlighted in the research, calling for urgent reform to address the unique complexities involved in addressing violence against women in Northern Ireland. The acknowledgment that many women are left without the necessary resources to navigate their experiences is essential to understanding the multifaceted nature of the issue. Dr. McMordie’s remarks touch on a critical point: the current systems often place the onus on women to find safety, which not only perpetuates financial strains but also undermines their housing stability.

As the study concludes, it presents a compelling call to action for the government to implement necessary changes. Recommendations include reinforcing the enforcement of protection orders and ensuring rapid police responses to incidents of violence against women. The Community Foundation for Northern Ireland recognizes the urgent need for actionable strategies that prioritize women’s safety and dignity in securing housing. With a commitment to work alongside various partners, they aim to devise systemic changes that can support women in their struggles against both domestic abuse and the resulting homelessness.

This research serves as a clarion call to rethink existing frameworks meant to safeguard women experiencing violence. The urgency for systemic change cannot be overstated, as countless women in Northern Ireland navigate the treacherous waters of violence, homelessness, and societal neglect. The findings emphasize not just the failings of our existing systems but also the resilience of the women who endure such adversity. Their stories command attention and action, urging a collective awakening and mobilization across communities and government to ensure that no woman is ever faced with the intolerable choice between remaining with an abuser or living on the streets.

Ultimately, the study sheds light on a critical intersection of issues that require not just awareness but also tangible changes in policies and practices. The need for collaborative efforts among various sectors is paramount to creating an environment where women can feel safe, supported, and empowered to reclaim control over their lives, free from the shackles of violence and the threat of homelessness. By acknowledging the depth of this problem and responding with urgency, society can begin to lay the groundwork for lasting change and healing for those affected by such profound challenges.

Subject of Research: Violence Against Women and Homelessness in Northern Ireland
Article Title: Violence Leads Women in Northern Ireland to A Life of Homelessness
News Publication Date: October 2023
Web References: Heriot-Watt University, University of Edinburgh, Community Foundation for Northern Ireland, Oak Foundation
References: Available upon the request.
Image Credits: Heriot-Watt University

Keywords: Homelessness, Abuse of Women, Substance Abuse, Violence, Domestic Violence, Support Systems, Northern Ireland, Women’s Rights, Trauma, Psychological Manipulation, Community Response, Systemic Failure.

The core of this revolutionary system is its adoption of a highly efficient single-photon detector, which is reported to be twice as efficient as those currently employed in similar LiDAR configurations. Aongus McCarthy, a member of the research team at Heriot-Watt University, articulated the importance of these advancements, noting that the improved timing resolution—at least ten times better than previous models—allows for the collection of a greater number of scattered photons. Consequently, this capability leads to images that are not just clearer but also richer in detail.

In a study published in the journal Optica, which is renowned for high-impact research, the multi-institutional research group illustrated the system’s capabilities through various impressive field tests. One notable experiment showcased the technology’s ability to construct a recognizable 3D image of a human face from a staggering distance of 325 meters. This feat was achieved by a collaborative effort of scholars from Heriot-Watt University, the University of Glasgow, the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, highlighting the collaborative spirit driving innovation in today’s scientific community.

Not only does this advanced LiDAR system facilitate enhanced security operations, but it also has far-reaching implications for environmental science and remote sensing. McCarthy emphasized the potential applications of this system, suggesting that it could fundamentally transform how details of scenes obscured by smoke, fog, or foliage are captured. By acquiring detailed depth images under such challenging circumstances, professionals in various fields—from environmental monitoring to disaster response—could gain valuable insights and improve their operations significantly.

Understanding the underlying mechanism of this LiDAR technology reveals its ingenuity. The system measures the time it takes for a laser pulse to travel to an object and back, calculating distances based on these time-of-flight principles. For assessing different points across an object, these measurements are continually repeated, constructing intricate 3D representations. Such a method not only improves the resolution of collected images but also expands the range of applications for LiDAR technology.

At the heart of this innovation is the superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD), a device developed by the MIT and JPL research groups. The remarkable aspect of SNSPD is its ability to detect single photons of light, offering unprecedented sensitivity. As a result, researchers can utilize low-power, eye-safe lasers for measurements, making it suitable for a wide range of applications without the risk of eye damage.

An additional enhancement in the system’s performance comes from the advanced timing equipment used, which can measure intervals down to picoseconds—trillionths of a second. This precision creates remarkable opportunities, allowing for the distinction of surfaces as close together as 1 millimeter even from considerable distances. Such detail in measurement not only raises the bar for depth imaging but also facilitates new possibilities in exploring and documenting landscapes from afar.

The field tests performed by the researchers were instrumental in assessing the LiDAR technology’s capability. Through meticulous evaluations on the Heriot-Watt University campus, objects located at distances of 45 meters, 325 meters, and even 1 kilometer were scanned with impressive accuracy. The researchers succeeded in resolving features as fine as 1 millimeter in broad daylight, a significant enhancement compared to previous technologies. These results indicate the system’s profound capability in outdoor conditions where visibility may otherwise be compromised.

Furthermore, the technology’s exceptional depth resolution opens the door for various practical applications, particularly in identifying objects concealed by elements like foliage or netting. McCarthy provided an example, illustrating that the LiDAR system could discern items located just centimeters behind camouflage—a task that would stymie conventional imaging technologies. This remarkable ability sets the stage for advanced security measures in sensitive environments.

Expansion plans for this pioneering LiDAR system include testing its capabilities at distances reaching up to ten kilometers and examining its performance under atmospheric challenges like smoke or fog. By innovating further in computational methodologies, research teams aim to accelerate data analysis processes, tackling imaging tasks over even greater distances without compromising detail or clarity. This ambition underscores the research community’s commitment to advancing not only technology but also our collective understanding of the environment around us.

With the integration of advanced computational methods tied to the evolving deep learning algorithms, there is tremendous potential for streamlining data processing efficiency, ultimately allowing for quicker responses in critical situations. As researchers continue fine-tuning this cutting-edge technology, the implications for disaster management, security, and environmental monitoring remain expansive. Each breakthrough pushes the boundaries of what’s possible, offering excitement and hope for a future where clarity and detail redefine imaging.

In summary, the journey of developing this sophisticated single-photon LiDAR system exemplifies the transformative nature of collaborative scientific research. By harnessing innovations from various esteemed institutions, researchers have not only enhanced life-saving security technology but also advanced our ability to explore and document the environment. As they continue to push the boundaries, the future of LiDAR technology appears brighter than ever, paving the way for new discoveries and applications that can significantly benefit society.

Subject of Research: High-resolution long-distance depth imaging LiDAR
Article Title: High-resolution long-distance depth imaging LiDAR with ultra-low timing jitter superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors
News Publication Date: October 2023
Web References: Optica Publishing Group
References: A. McCarthy et al., "High-resolution long-distance depth imaging LiDAR with ultra-low timing jitter superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors," Optica, vol. 12, pp. 168-177, 2025. DOI: 10.1364/OPTICA.544877
Image Credits: Credit: Aongus McCarthy, Heriot-Watt University

Keywords

Lidar, Image Processing, Photonics