The researchers surveyed students using two validated instruments: the Perceived Stress Scale to measure psychological stress and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support to capture how supported students felt. Clinical exposure was quantified as the average number of hours spent in clinical settings per week. Multivariable linear regression models were adjusted for age, gender, living arrangements, and employment status.

The clearest result concerned social support itself. Higher perceived social support was significantly associated with lower perceived stress, with a coefficient of −0.05 (95% confidence interval −0.09 to −0.01). In the interaction model, the inverse association was stronger, at −0.14 (95% CI −0.23 to −0.04). In other words, students who felt more supported consistently reported feeling less stressed. Surprisingly, clinical exposure itself was not significantly associated with perceived stress, challenging the assumption that more time in clinical settings automatically translates into more psychological strain.

Two other findings stood out. Students living alone reported significantly lower perceived stress than their peers (β = −0.37, 95% CI −0.63 to −0.11), as did students working part-time (β = −0.34, 95% CI −0.54 to −0.13). The moderation analysis produced a more tentative result: a statistically significant interaction was observed among students with fewer than 10 hours of clinical exposure per week, suggesting that the protective association between social support and stress may differ for students with limited clinical exposure. The authors emphasize that this finding rests on a single significant interaction and should be considered preliminary and hypothesis-generating rather than definitive.

As a cross-sectional survey conducted at a single university, the study captures associations at one point in time and cannot establish causation. The authors also note a lack of consistent evidence on this question, particularly in Middle Eastern contexts, which limits how far the results can be generalized. Nevertheless, the consistency of the social support association across models gives the finding weight. If supported students reliably report lower stress, interventions that strengthen the social support system could offer a practical lever for student wellbeing, especially during the early clinical exposure period where the moderation signal appeared. For nursing schools, the message is that reducing stress may depend less on trimming clinical hours and more on building the social fabric around students.

Subject of Research: Perceived stress, clinical training exposure, and the moderating role of social support among nursing students

Article Title: Clinical training exposure and perceived stress among nursing students: Examining the moderating role of social support

Article References: Aljabri, M. M., Alharbi, B. S., & Ali, E. A. (2026). Clinical training exposure and perceived stress among nursing students: Examining the moderating role of social support. PLOS One, 21(10), e0361336. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0361336

Image Credits: AI Generated

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0361336

Keywords: nursing students, perceived stress, social support, clinical exposure, cross-sectional study, King Saud University, Perceived Stress Scale, linear regression, student wellbeing, mental health, Clinical, training