In supercapacitor technology, the electrodes play a crucial role in determining performance metrics such as energy density, power density, and cycle stability. Hussein and colleagues have successfully synthesized an Fe₃O₄-supported MoS₂ nanocomposite that exhibits remarkable electrochemical properties. This coupling of materials not only maximizes efficiency but also leverages the unique properties of both components, producing a synergistic effect that enhances performance.

Iron oxide nanoparticles are well-known for their electrical conductivity and stability. By integrating these nanoparticles with MoS₂, known for its outstanding electrochemical activity, the resultant nanocomposite demonstrates enhanced conductivity and surface area. This ensures that the ions can move more freely during charge and discharge cycles, leading to improved energy storage capabilities. The study delineates how the Fe₃O₄-MoS₂ composite exhibits superior electrochemical performance compared to traditional supercapacitor materials.

The research team conducted rigorous testing, observing significantly higher capacitance values in the nanocomposite compared to pure MoS₂. The findings indicate that the presence of Fe₃O₄ not only increases the capacitance but also improves the charge-discharge cycle stability of the electrodes. This can be attributed to the structural integrity provided by the iron oxide, which supports the delicate layers of MoS₂ during operation, preventing degradation that typically plagues other materials over time.

Another important aspect the research delves into is the effective surface area of the nanocomposite. The authors used advanced characterization techniques to show that the Fe₃O₄-supported MoS₂ creates a three-dimensional network that enhances ion transport. This structure is critical in ensuring that ions can easily access active sites on the electrode surface, thus boosting the overall electrochemical performance. The optimized architecture contributes significantly to the increased capacitance and energy density observed in this study.

Moreover, the conductivity of the resulting nanocomposite is a focal point of the research. Hussein and his team employed various electrochemical techniques to ascertain the improved electron transfer properties. The combination of Fe₃O₄ with MoS₂ not only enhances the charge transport but also minimizes energy losses, allowing for more efficient power delivery. As a result, the composite exhibits a compelling advantage for applications requiring quick charging and discharging cycles—attributes beneficial in consumer electronics and electric vehicles.

Additionally, the environmental and economic aspects of the materials used present a strong case for the practical applications of the Fe₃O₄-MoS₂ nanocomposite. Iron oxide is abundant and inexpensive, providing a sustainable alternative to more costly materials typically used in supercapacitor fabrication. By demonstrating that effective energy storage can be achieved using accessible materials, this research paves the way for developing cost-effective and sustainable energy solutions.

Through extensive experimentation and optimization, the researchers also touched upon the fabrication process of the nanocomposite, which is key for scalability. Zhao et al. provided insights into the synthesis method applied, which involves a simple mixing process followed by calcination. Such a method ensures that the composite retains desirable properties while being easy to reproduce on a larger scale, ideal for commercial applications.

The electrochemical stability and durability of supercapacitors are paramount, especially for long-term use. The repeated cycles performed in Hussein et al.’s study yielded impressive retention of capacitance, underscoring the longevity of the Fe₃O₄-MoS₂ electrodes even after extensive usage. Results demonstrated minimal performance degradation over hundreds of cycles, indicating strong potential for real-world application, especially in energy storage systems that require durability.

The results of this study mark a significant advancement in the world of supercapacitors. They offer not just a theoretical framework, but also practical insights that can lead researchers and industry leaders toward new horizons in energy technology. With the rise of electrification in various industries, the demand for efficient and effective energy storage solutions has never been more pressing.

This research serves as a further stepping stone in optimizing existing energy storage technologies and opens pathways for future investigations. There remain opportunities to enhance the properties of the nanocomposite even further, whether through doping with different materials or experimenting with different synthesis methods. Moreover, exploring the hybridization of other materials with Fe₃O₄ and MoS₂ could lead to even more advanced composite structures capable of addressing specific energy storage challenges.

Considering the changing landscape of energy technologies, it is imperative that such innovative materials be explored further. The promising features of the Fe₃O₄-supported MoS₂ nanocomposite highlight the dynamic field of supercapacitors and its relentless pursuit of solutions that align with sustainability goals while optimizing performance. This research signals a hopeful outlook for the future of energy storage systems, where efficiency meets economic viability.

As we anticipate the practical implementations of these findings, it is clear that the integration of effective nanomaterials will be vital in the evolution of electronics, renewable energy systems, and electric mobility solutions. The exploration of such innovative materials could very well play a key role in shaping the future landscape of energy consumption and its impact on our planet.

As demonstrated through this latest research by Hussein et al., the pursuit of understanding and enhancing electrochemical systems is not only a scientific endeavor but a necessity in addressing the energy needs of a rapidly changing world. The innovative efforts surrounding Fe₃O₄ and MoS₂ will usher in new possibilities and inspire future scholars in the field of materials science to push boundaries towards achieving more efficient energy solutions.

Subject of Research: Electrochemical effectuation electrode for supercapacitors using Fe₃O₄-supported MoS₂ nanocomposite.

Article Title: Investigating the potential use of Fe₃O₄-supported MoS₂-based nanocomposite as the electrochemical effectuation electrode for supercapacitors application.

Article References: Hussein, A.W.M.A., Aamir, L., Qureshi, M.T. et al. Investigating the potential use of Fe₃O₄-supported MoS₂-based nanocomposite as the electrochemical effectuation electrode for supercapacitors application. Ionics (2026). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-025-06894-x

Image Credits: AI Generated

DOI: 03 January 2026

Keywords: Supercapacitors, MoS₂, Fe₃O₄, nanocomposite, electrochemical performance, energy storage.

As we increasingly rely on batteries for a myriad of applications, accurately estimating the state of charge has become paramount. The state of charge essentially represents the current energy level of a battery compared to its total capacity. Misestimations can lead to inadequate battery performance, diminished battery life, and even safety risks. The innovative work from Wu and Li stands to address these challenges, presenting a sophisticated framework that combines precision with adaptability.

Traditional methods for SoC estimation have often been burdened by limitations, including varying discharge rates and the influence of temperature. The authors argue that employing a multi-matrix optimization technique can effectively mitigate these drawbacks by taking into account multiple variables at once. By analyzing the interdependencies within the battery’s operational parameters, the researchers introduce a more reliable means of monitoring the battery’s charge level, thus paving the way for improved control strategies.

One of the standout aspects of this research is its thorough exploration of parameter identification. This process involves determining specific characteristics of the battery that directly influence its performance metrics. Previous studies have often focused solely on SoC estimation, overlooking the importance of understanding the underlying parameters that govern battery behavior. Wu and Li’s dual focus offers a holistic approach to battery management, enabling more informed decision-making in both consumer and industrial applications.

Furthermore, the study demonstrates the potential of machine learning algorithms when integrated with multi-matrix optimization. By leveraging data-driven methods, the framework developed by the researchers can predict performance trajectories under various operational conditions, ultimately enhancing the adaptability of battery systems. This convergence of traditional scientific methods and modern computational techniques underscores the interdisciplinary nature of energy research today.

Another significant contribution of this study is the extensive experimental validation of the proposed methods. The authors tested their optimization framework across a range of battery types and conditions, substantiating their findings through rigorous empirical testing. This practical validation is crucial, as it not only demonstrates the robustness of their approach but also establishes credibility within the scientific community.

In addition to immediate applications in battery technology, the implications of this research extend to broader contexts, including renewable energy integration and electric vehicle development. As renewable sources of energy like solar and wind become increasingly prevalent, the need for effective energy storage systems will intensify. Enhanced SoC estimation and parameter identification can play a vital role in managing the erratic nature of renewable energy generation, providing stability to the grid and facilitating a smoother transition to sustainable energy solutions.

Electric vehicle manufacturers, in particular, stand to benefit immensely from the findings of Wu and Li. Accurate SoC estimation is critical for ensuring optimal vehicle performance, enhancing user experience, and addressing consumer concerns about range anxiety. By implementing advanced SoC and parameter identification methods, manufacturers can not only improve vehicle efficiency but also contribute to the development of safer and more reliable electric transportation solutions.

Moreover, the study encourages further research into the application of advanced optimization techniques across various energy storage systems beyond lithium-ion batteries. While this research may focus on a specific technology, the principles of multi-matrix optimization could extend to other types of batteries, including solid-state and flow batteries. This breadth of applicability highlights the potential for a paradigm shift in how we approach energy storage solutions.

As the demand for sustainable energy solutions continues to rise, the research of Wu and Li serves as a reminder of the importance of innovation in battery technology. Their work exemplifies the drive toward creating more intelligent, efficient, and adaptive energy storage systems. By pushing the boundaries of what’s possible in battery management, they inspire future generations of researchers to explore new avenues of discovery.

In summation, Wu and Li’s latest study provides essential insights into the complex world of lithium-ion battery technology, combining state-of-the-art optimization techniques with practical applications. As we move further into an era defined by electrification and renewable energy dependence, understanding and enhancing battery performance will remain a crucial focus. The outcomes of this research not only promise improvements in battery management but also bolster the wider push toward a more sustainable energy future.

As we continue to unravel the intricacies of energy storage, it is essential to recognize the cumulative impact of such research endeavors. The innovative techniques developed in this study may serve as a foundation for future explorations, propelling us closer to the goal of an efficient, sustainable, and electrified world.

Subject of Research: State of charge estimation and parameter identification of lithium-ion batteries

Article Title: State of charge estimation and parameter identification of lithium-ion batteries based on multi-matrix optimization

Article References:

Wu, Y., Li, X. State of charge estimation and parameter identification of lithium-ion batteries based on multi-matrix optimization.
Ionics (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-025-06812-1

Image Credits: AI Generated

DOI: 10.1007/s11581-025-06812-1

Keywords: lithium-ion batteries, state of charge, parameter identification, multi-matrix optimization, energy storage, electric vehicles, machine learning, renewable energy integration.

Lithium–sulfur batteries are heralded for their exceptional theoretical energy density, surpassing that of conventional lithium-ion batteries, which have dominated the energy storage market for decades. However, the practical deployment of Li–S batteries has been impeded by several critical issues, including the polysulfide shuttle effect—where soluble lithium polysulfides dissolve into the electrolyte and migrate between electrodes—resulting in rapid capacity fading and low coulombic efficiency. Additionally, sluggish redox kinetics and material instability further degrade battery lifespan and performance. To overcome these obstacles, researchers must devise strategies that simultaneously enhance the materials’ structural and catalytic properties at both the microscopic and atomic levels.

The novel approach adopted by the Chung-Ang University team involves the synthesis of hierarchical porous carbon nanofibers derived from MOFs, which serve as a robust and conductive scaffold. This scaffold features abundant pore networks providing enhanced electrolyte accessibility and facilitating lithium-ion transport. Crucially, within these porous carbon frameworks, the researchers have incorporated cobalt single atoms coordinated in a low-coordination N_3 environment—an atomic configuration designed to optimize catalytic activity towards lithium polysulfide adsorption and conversion. This precise atomic-level modification uniquely promotes rapid redox reactions and minimizes polysulfide dissolution, thus suppressing the notorious shuttle effect.

Delving deeper into the catalytic mechanism, the low-coordinated cobalt center acts as an active site that strongly adsorbs lithium polysulfides, effectively anchoring them on the cathode side and preventing their diffusion. This strong adsorption affinity results in accelerated conversion of polysulfides to insoluble lithium sulfide phases during discharge, and conversely, their efficient reoxidation during charge. Such kinetic enhancement translates to superior battery performance, with heightened capacity retention and reliable operation at high charge–discharge rates, even after extensive cycling. This stability is critical for real-world applications where battery longevity and reliability are paramount.

From a materials science perspective, the hierarchical porous carbon nanofiber architecture contributes significantly by providing mechanical integrity and flexibility. Unlike traditional electrode materials, which often require binders and additional conductive additives, this free-standing, binder-free material can function directly as an interlayer within battery cells. Its flexible nature allows it to maintain structural cohesion under mechanical stress, such as bending or folding, which broadens its utility in emerging flexible and wearable electronic devices that demand not only high energy density but also adaptability and durability.

The synthesis of this dual-level engineered material hinges on leveraging the versatility of MOFs as precursors. MOFs possess tunable porosity and customizable chemical environments, enabling precise morphological and compositional control during thermal conversion into carbon nanostructures. This method ensures uniform dispersion of cobalt single atoms and the formation of the desired coordination environment, which are challenging to achieve through conventional synthesis techniques. This innovative synthesis route offers a path towards scalable production, an essential step toward commercial viability.

In addressing the polysulfide shuttle and slow reaction kinetics via this dual strategy, the team’s research not only surmounts key electrochemical performance barriers but also highlights the paramount importance of integrating macrostructural design with atomic-level catalyst engineering. This insight marks a paradigm shift in the way battery materials are conceptualized, encouraging more holistic, multiscale approaches that bridge the gap between fundamental chemistry and practical device engineering.

Considering future implications, this advancement lays a strong foundation for next-generation Li–S batteries with capabilities tailored for high-energy storage requirements. Electric vehicles stand to benefit from longer driving ranges and faster charging times, addressing two of the foremost consumer demands. Similarly, grid-scale energy storage systems for renewable sources such as solar and wind could exploit these batteries to store intermittent energy more efficiently and sustainably. Furthermore, the lightweight and flexible nature of the developed material opens avenues for integration into portable and wearable technologies, catalyzing innovations in how we power and interact with devices.

The societal impact of such battery improvements cannot be overstated. By fostering safer, more efficient, and cost-effective energy storage solutions, these materials directly contribute to the global transition toward a cleaner, low-carbon energy infrastructure. Reduced reliance on scarce and expensive raw materials through enhanced battery cycle life and material efficiency aligns with sustainable development goals, opening possibilities for wider accessibility to green technologies in both developed and emerging markets.

Dr. Park elaborates on their research ethos, emphasizing that “overcoming the intrinsic limitations of lithium-ion technologies requires deep integration of atomic-level catalytic design with macrostructural engineering to address complex electrochemical phenomena such as polysulfide shuttling.” Concurrently, Dr. Nam highlights the practical significance, noting that their free-standing, binder-free material resists mechanical failure even under rigorous use cases, making it immediately applicable for pouch cell configurations and flexible battery formats.

As the quest for better energy storage continues, this study underscores the vast potential locked within intelligently designed nanomaterial frameworks, where atomic precision meets scalable engineering. The promising electrochemical metrics achieved—encompassing high capacity retention and robust rate capability over hundreds of cycles—validate the dual-engineering approach as a versatile platform for future battery innovations.

This pioneering work published in “Advanced Fiber Materials” paves a new route for lithium–sulfur battery development. It encourages the research community to revisit fundamental assumptions about catalyst coordination and substrate architecture, potentially igniting a wave of material innovations that accelerate the arrival of next-generation energy solutions.

Subject of Research: Not applicable

Article Title: Dual‑Level Engineering of MOF‑Derived Hierarchical Porous Carbon Nanofibers with Low‑Coordinated Cobalt Single‑Atom Catalysts for High‑Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

News Publication Date: 24-Sep-2025

References: DOI: 10.1007/s42765-025-00614-w

Image Credits: Seung-Keun Park and Inho Nam from Chung-Ang University

Keywords

Energy storage, Batteries, Materials science, Nanotechnology, Chemical engineering, Catalysis, Sustainable energy, Renewable energy

At the core of this new method lies the principle of depolymerization etching. By carefully controlling thermal treatments, specific polymers within a composite selectively break down and evaporate, effectively carving out pores from within the material itself. The research, spearheaded by Dr. Brent Sumerlin, a professor of chemistry at the University of Florida, builds upon previous investigations into plastic recycling processes. Recognizing that different polymers degrade at distinct temperatures, Sumerlin’s team exploited these disparities to engineer microphase separations, resulting in a material riddled with nanoscale voids.

The practical implications of such porous materials are extensive. In the realm of batteries, high surface area membranes are essential for efficient ion transport and electrode reactions, directly influencing performance and energy density. Similarly, these porous constructs can be tailored to function as advanced filtration systems capable of purifying large volumes of contaminated water with remarkable efficacy. The mesoporous networks formed through the process offer selective pathways that mimic the behavior of natural filters, removing pollutants and pathogens with high throughput.

One of the transformative aspects of this technique is its foundation in well-known plastics—namely, Plexiglas (polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA) and polystyrene (the primary component of Styrofoam). Conventionally viewed as incompatible and challenging to blend, these polymers when combined form a phase-separated composite. Upon heating to finely tuned temperatures, the PMMA components volatilize, leaving behind a polystyrene scaffold imbued with a labyrinth of micro- and nanopores. This selective evanescence produces an enormous internal surface area; astonishingly, a mere gram of material can encompass an area comparable to a full-sized tennis court.

What sets this work apart from existing approaches is the precision afforded by the temperature-sensitive depolymerization mechanism. Traditional methods for generating porous polymers often rely on adding sacrificial templates or post-synthetic processing, both of which can be laborious or chemically invasive. In contrast, this “etching from within” strategy introduces a cleaner, more scalable route to tailor porosity. The ability to control pore size distribution and density by adjusting polymer ratios and heating protocols opens a versatile design space for engineers and scientists tackling diverse applications.

Environmental sustainability is an undercurrent throughout this research. Given the global challenges around plastic waste and recycling, this approach doubles as a pathway to not only repurpose plastic materials but also to unlock added functionalities. By turning plastic waste into high-value porous membranes, the technology aligns with circular economy principles, contributing to reduced resource consumption and pollution. This dual function emphasizes how fundamental research into polymer chemistry can ripple outward, influencing areas far beyond its initial scope.

Beyond environmental technology and energy, the new porous materials signal significant potential in electronics. High-density data storage and miniaturized electronic components demand innovative materials capable of handling increased surface interactions and electrical charge distributions. The porous plastics fashioned through this depolymerization etching exhibit unique physical and chemical properties suitable for such precise applications. Their customizable morphology could lead to breakthroughs in magnetic storage media and microelectronic fabrication, where porosity plays a critical role in performance.

The research team’s approach also illuminates new frontiers in additive manufacturing and polymer engineering. Whereas conventional 3D printing methods sculpt materials outwardly layer by layer, this internal etching strategy represents an inverse paradigm, enabling intrinsic structuring at nano- and microscales from selected base polymers. This could redefine fabrication capabilities, making it possible to embed functional architectures within bulk materials without multi-step processing or exotic chemistries.

Additionally, the patent application filed by the University of Florida team underscores the novelty and commercial viability of the depolymerization etching method. It protects the intellectual property around the controlled thermal decomposition approach and the resulting materials’ morphology, positioning the innovation for possible industrial adoption. With support from the Department of Energy, National Science Foundation, and Department of Defense, this synergy of scientific insight and cross-sector funding highlights the strategic importance of developing advanced materials from accessible and abundant polymers.

From a technical standpoint, the envisioned mechanism hinges on polymerization-induced microphase separation followed by thermally-driven selective depolymerization. This process creates discrete domains where one polymer component can be removed without compromising the overall material integrity. The resulting porous architecture is inherently stable, reproducible, and tunable, distinguishing it from random or chaotic porosity observed in other polymer blends. This method bridges polymer chemistry, materials science, and thermal engineering into a coherent strategy for controlled material design.

In sum, the University of Florida’s discovery marks a powerful stride toward a future where everyday plastics are no longer inert pollutants but versatile precursors for advanced functional materials. This work exemplifies how foundational research in polymer depolymerization can leap from environmental remediation goals into an enabling technology for cutting-edge manufacturing and clean energy solutions. As industries seek smarter, more sustainable material platforms, approaches like depolymerization etching offer a fresh, elegant path toward materials that do more with less, crafted through a subtractive artistry from within.

Subject of Research: Not applicable
Article Title: Depolymerization as a Design Strategy: Depolymerization Etching of Polymerization-Induced Microphase Separations
News Publication Date: 29-Oct-2025
Web References: 10.1021/acscentsci.5c01313
References: Sumerlin et al., ACS Central Science, 2025
Image Credits: University of Florida

Keywords

Polymer chemistry, Polymer engineering, Additive manufacturing, Plastics

Ion association within electrolytes—a phenomenon where lithium ions form tightly bonded pairs or clusters with counterions—has traditionally been a double-edged sword in battery chemistry. On one hand, these associations improve the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), a vital passivation layer on the anode that is crucial for the battery’s endurance and performance. On the other hand, increased ion association tends to compromise the thermal stability of the electrolyte, lowering its resistance to heat and raising the risk of thermal runaway, a dangerous condition that can lead to fires or explosions.

The research meticulously explored the thermal behaviors of no less than 20 distinct electrolyte systems, covering a broad spectrum of ion association degrees. The results were compelling: electrolytes exhibiting pronounced ion association demonstrated a significant reduction in the onset temperature of exothermic reactions by approximately 94 degrees Celsius. This stark reduction underlines the direct relationship between ion association and thermal vulnerability, providing crucial insights into the thermal risk profiles of emerging electrolyte formulations.

Seeking to reconcile this intrinsic trade-off, the team developed a sophisticated solvent-relay strategy designed to promote ion association at standard operating temperatures while encouraging ion dissociation as temperatures increase. This intelligent modulation serves a dual function: it facilitates robust SEI formation during normal use, thus extending battery life, and simultaneously ensures the electrolyte’s thermal stability during abnormal thermal events, preventing catastrophic failure.

This strategy relies on carefully engineered solvent interactions that manipulate the local environment of lithium ions and their counterions. Essentially, at ambient conditions, solvents enhance ion pairing, leveraging the beneficial effects on SEI formation and electrochemical stability. As the battery’s internal temperature rises—a common occurrence during high charge/discharge rates or external thermal abuse—the solvent environment shifts to encourage ion disassociation, which effectively raises the thermal stability threshold, suppressing runaway reactions.

The practical implications of this approach were vividly demonstrated in ampere-hour-scale 4.5-volt graphite-NCM811 pouch cells with a capacity of 1.1 Ah. These cells achieved exceptional cycling performance, delivering 1,000 cycles under a relatively moderate 0.45C rate, while maintaining approximately 81.9% of their original capacity after more than 4,100 hours of operation. Such durability represents a significant leap forward in high-voltage lithium-ion battery technology, especially considering the high nickel content of the NCM811 cathode, which often exacerbates instability concerns.

Thermal safety was equally remarkable. During stringent nail penetration tests—a harsh abuse scenario designed to simulate internal short circuits and catastrophic failure—the solvent-relay optimized cells exhibited a temperature rise of less than 3.5 degrees Celsius. This stands in stark contrast to conventional carbonate-based electrolytes, which sparked temperature surges as high as 555.2 degrees Celsius under identical conditions. This dramatic difference underscores the potential of the solvent-relay design to prevent thermal runaway, drastically enhancing battery safety in real-world applications.

The significance of these findings cannot be overstated, especially against the backdrop of increasing electric vehicle adoption and the corresponding safety regulations that battery manufacturers must navigate. Traditionally, achieving a balance between high voltage operation, long cycle life, and robust thermal stability has been a formidable challenge. Many electrolytes that boost energy density tend to sacrifice safety, whereas safer materials often underperform in capacity retention or voltage limits. The solvent-relay strategy elegantly bridges this divide, offering a pathway to batteries that do not compromise one critical parameter for another.

Moreover, the study’s comprehensive analysis extends deeper than mere practical testing; it provides fundamental mechanistic insights into ion association’s role in thermal runaway phenomena. By methodically correlating ion pairing dynamics with thermal behavior, the research delineates how electrolyte design can be fine-tuned at the molecular level to engineer desired macroscopic battery properties. This knowledge not only aids in the design of safer lithium-ion batteries but may also influence the development of next-generation battery chemistries, where thermal management remains a paramount concern.

The promise of this solvent-relay approach also aligns well with emerging trends in battery manufacturing and recycling. Enhancing SEI formation at ambient temperatures can potentially reduce the formation of detrimental surface films and extend battery life. Additionally, improved thermal stability may reduce the frequency of battery pack failures and recalls, leading to lowered lifecycle costs and a smaller environmental footprint associated with battery production and disposal.

Industry experts are already taking note. The implications of integrating this technology into commercial-scale cell production could be transformative. With the ability to safely operate lithium-ion cells at 4.5 volts—a voltage higher than typical commercial cells—electric vehicles could achieve longer driving ranges, quicker charging times, and enhanced safety margins, all highly coveted features in the burgeoning green mobility sector.

While the study sets a high bar, future research will likely explore further optimization of solvent compositions and coupling with advanced electrode materials. The interplay between electrolyte chemistry and electrode architecture inevitably influences overall cell performance, and the solvent-relay concept provides an exciting platform for such multidisciplinary innovation.

In conclusion, the development of the solvent-relay strategy marks a watershed moment in lithium-ion battery technology, marrying fundamental chemistry with practical application. By deftly controlling ion association and dissociation dynamics, this approach unlocks unprecedented performance parameters, harmonizing the often contradictory demands of high energy density, long cycle life, and enhanced thermal safety. As electric vehicles and renewable energy storage systems continue to expand their footprint, innovations like this will play a critical role in making next-generation batteries not only more powerful but fundamentally safer and longer-lasting.

The study was led by Sun, Y., Zuo, C., Wang, H., and collaborators, and has recently been published in Nature Energy. Their work not only advances scientific understanding of electrolyte behavior but also paves the way for safer and more reliable lithium-ion batteries, accelerating the path toward sustainable energy solutions worldwide.

Subject of Research: Thermal stability and ion association dynamics in lithium-ion battery electrolytes for enhanced safety and cycle life.

Article Title: Designing safe and long-life lithium-ion batteries via a solvent-relay strategy.

Article References:
Sun, Y., Zuo, C., Wang, H. et al. Designing safe and long-life lithium-ion batteries via a solvent-relay strategy. Nat Energy (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41560-025-01888-5

Image Credits: AI Generated

Lithium-sulfur batteries have emerged as a more promising alternative to lithium-ion technology due to their capability to hold more energy while being lighter. However, they suffer from a significant drawback: the behavior of sulfur within the battery. In these batteries, sulfur tends to form long chains, which clogs the system, ultimately reducing the battery’s efficiency and lifespan. This challenge has plagued the development of lithium-sulfur batteries, making it imperative for researchers to identify solutions that can effectively mitigate these issues.

The innovative solution offered by the researchers is reminiscent of a microscopic filter, described by Piran Kidambi, an associate professor at the University of Florida, likening it to a “bouncer at a club” that selectively allows small lithium ions to pass while blocking the larger sulfur chains. This breakthrough is made possible through a high-performance filter crafted from a one-atom-thick layer of graphene. This remarkable material exhibits size-selective properties that fundamentally alter the dynamics within the battery.

To create this extraordinary filter, the research team employed a method known as chemical vapor deposition. This technique begins with a copper foil that is heated extensively, allowing a specific vapor to flow over it. During this process, a chemical reaction occurs, depositing a film of graphene with precisely defined openings that serve to separate lithium ions from sulfur chains. This meticulous design is integral to the filter’s ability to enhance battery performance by ensuring that only the desired particles can pass through.

Testing the new design highlighted the profound impact of the one-atom-thick filter. Batteries without the filter exhibited a rapid decline in performance, losing their efficiency almost immediately with continued charge and discharge cycles. In stark contrast, those utilizing the graphene separator retained nearly all of their capacity across more than 150 cycles. Kidambi noted the significant difference, praising the consistent performance of the batteries equipped with the innovative filter.

The implications of this technology stretch far beyond consumer electronics and electric cars. As we look towards larger modes of transportation, such as freight trucks, trains, and ships, the importance of reducing battery weight becomes paramount. As these vehicles require more energy to operate, the weight of their batteries escalates exponentially, often approaching the load they are intended to transport. Thus, the advancements in lithium-sulfur battery technology offer a plausible solution to address these compounding weight issues.

Despite the encouraging results achieved so far, the path to widespread commercial application of lithium-sulfur batteries with these atomically thin filters is still fraught with challenges. Kidambi acknowledges that while significant progress has been made, extensive work remains before this technology can be manufactured at scale and effectively integrated into everyday devices. The optimism surrounding the breakthrough stems from the scientific achievement of engineering a solution at the atomic level, which could perhaps transform the battery industry.

In the grander scheme, these advancements suggest a future where our devices can run longer and more efficiently. With electric vehicles potentially achieving greater range on a single charge, or drones staying aloft for extended periods, the real-world applications of such innovations are exhilarating. It opens up a realm of possibilities not just for personal use but for large-scale logistics and transport where energy efficiency and weight play critical roles.

As this technology continues to evolve, it also underscores the importance of collaborative and interdisciplinary research in addressing real-world problems. The blend of mechanical and aerospace engineering, materials science, and electrochemistry unites to tackle the contemporary challenges faced by battery technologies. This serves as a powerful reminder of how innovation often springs from the intersection of diverse fields.

Ultimately, the development of a size-selective nanoporous graphene separator could revolutionize our approach to energy storage. While traditional lithium-ion batteries have served us well, the future lies in more efficient, lightweight alternatives that can meet the rising global demand for sustainable power solutions. These advancements hint at a world where our devices require charging less frequently, and transportation becomes more efficient—a future powered by scientific ingenuity.

As researchers continue to refine their results and address the remaining obstacles, the excitement surrounding this project is palpable. An effective lithium-sulfur battery could pave the way for significant advancements in various sectors, enhancing everything from consumer electronics to large-scale energy storage systems. The journey towards practical implementation may be ongoing, but the potential rewards promise to redefine our relationship with energy consumption.

In conclusion, the innovative work being done at the University of Florida, alongside their esteemed partners, represents a pivotal moment in battery technology. By intrinsically understanding and manipulating the nanoscale interactions within lithium-sulfur batteries, researchers are not only solving existing problems but also setting the stage for a new era in energy storage. The anticipation surrounding these developments is not merely rooted in academic curiosity; it suggests a transformative impact on the everyday lives of individuals and industries alike.

Subject of Research: Lithium-sulfur battery technology and separator innovations
Article Title: Size-Selective Nanoporous Atomically Thin Graphene Separators for Lithium−Sulfur Batteries
News Publication Date: 4-Sep-2025
Web References: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5c11148
References: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
Image Credits: University of Florida

Keywords

Lithium-sulfur batteries, graphene, battery technology, energy storage, electric vehicles, nanoscale engineering

Traditional cathode materials have often faced criticism for their environmental impact and efficiency limitations. Consequently, the exploration of iron-based silicates as viable alternatives has gained momentum. Iron, being abundant and relatively non-toxic, presents a greener choice for battery production. The transition to using lithium or sodium iron-based silicates not only promotes environmental sustainability but also enhances the electrochemical performance of batteries.

The synthesis process outlined in the study by Gao and Li employs a vibratory ball milling-assisted solid-phase method. This means that the materials are mechanically activated, leading to a more homogeneous mixture and improved particle interaction during the synthesis phase. By leveraging mechanical energy, the researchers were able to achieve a more effective reaction pathway than traditional methods. The implications of this advancement on battery performance and life cycle sustainability cannot be overstated.

One of the standout features of this new synthesis technique is its simplicity and efficiency. Traditional approaches often involve complex multi-step processes that can be time-consuming and resource-intensive. In contrast, the method proposed by the authors simplifies the preparation of cathode materials without compromising quality or performance. As researchers continue to explore ways to make battery technology more efficient and environmentally friendly, this study sets a benchmark for future work.

Furthermore, the study provides a detailed analysis of the electrochemical properties of the synthesized lithium/sodium iron-based silicate cathodes. The performance metrics associated with these materials indicate promising charge-discharge cycles, highlighting the advantages of using silicate matrices in cathode development. Enhanced cycle stability ensures that these batteries can withstand prolonged usage without significant degradation, a critical factor in the consumer electronics and electric vehicle markets.

In addition to cycle stability, the researchers have reported notable improvements in energy density and rate capability. The latter refers to the battery’s ability to deliver power quickly, a characteristic essential for applications requiring rapid energy release. By optimizing the composition and structure of the silicate cathodes, Gao and Li have shown that it is possible to achieve both high energy density and fast charging capabilities, thereby catering to a broader range of applications.

Moreover, the use of sodium in conjunction with lithium in these cathodes opens new avenues for research and development. Sodium ion batteries are gaining attention as potential alternatives to traditional lithium-ion batteries, especially given the geological abundance of sodium compared to lithium. This dual approach not only alleviates the pressure on lithium supplies but also offers flexibility in designing batteries tailored to specific needs and applications.

The implications of this research extend beyond merely improving battery performance. The environmental sustainability aspect is crucial as the push for greener energy solutions intensifies globally. The method utilized by Gao and Li reduces the reliance on critical materials that often come with substantial ecological footprints. By focusing on iron-based silicates, this work aligns with ongoing efforts to create sustainable and responsible sourcing of materials for battery production.

As consumer electronics continue to evolve, the need for renewable energy solutions becomes dire. The results of this study not only provide insight into effective cathode materials but also align with the broader goals of reducing dependence on finite resources and minimizing environmental impact. Technological advancements in energy storage are paramount as the world shifts toward electric mobility and renewable energy technologies.

Importantly, this research serves as a stepping stone for further exploration in the development of advanced battery technologies. Future studies may delve into optimizing the performance of these cathodes in real-world applications and understanding their long-term reliability. By establishing a clear connection between material synthesis and performance metrics, Gao and Li have illuminated paths for future innovations in energy storage.

Overall, the study presents a compelling case for the adoption of lithium/sodium iron-based silicate cathodes in the race towards more efficient and sustainable battery technologies. Through simplicity of synthesis and significant performance enhancements, this work contributes to the critical dialogue on how we can collectively transition to greener energy solutions. As researchers continue to build upon these findings, the potential for these materials to change the landscape of energy storage is immense.

In summary, the endeavor to improve cathode materials in battery technology is vital for both ecological sustainability and technological advancement. The synthesis method proposed by Gao and Li represents a significant leap toward achieving these goals. With ongoing research and development, the future of energy storage could indeed become cleaner, more efficient, and more accessible to a global audience.

Subject of Research: Lithium/Sodium Iron-Based Silicate Cathode Synthesis

Article Title: Synthesis and performance of lithium/sodium iron-based silicate cathode prepared by a facile vibratory ball milling-assisted solid-phase method.

Article References: Gao, K., Li, SD. Synthesis and performance of lithium/sodium iron-based silicate cathode prepared by a facile vibratory ball milling-assisted solid-phase method. Ionics (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-025-06708-0

Image Credits: AI Generated

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-025-06708-0

Keywords: Lithium, Sodium, Iron-based Silicate, Cathodes, Energy Storage, Battery Technology, Sustainable Materials, Electrochemical Performance.

The anode serves as a critical component in lithium-ion batteries, directly influencing their capacity and energy density. Traditionally, graphite has been the go-to material due to its favorable electrochemical properties; however, its inherent limitations in terms of capacity and performance under high-rate conditions have urged researchers to explore alternative materials. The introduction of the Ni-MOF/GR composite marks a significant turning point in this ongoing quest for optimized battery materials.

What sets the needle-shaped Ni-MOF apart is its unique structural properties. The needle morphology provides a significantly increased surface area and a higher degree of porosity, leading to an enhanced electrochemical performance. This structure not only allows for better lithium ion diffusion but also optimizes the lithium storage capacity of the anode, making it a formidable competitor against existing materials. In tests conducted, the composite demonstrated an impressive charge-discharge performance that could revolutionize battery technology.

Moreover, the synergy between the Nickel Metal-Organic Framework and Graphene is an essential feature that cannot be overlooked. Graphene, known for its exceptional electrical conductivity and mechanical strength, complements the MOF’s structural advantages. This combination leads to improved electronic transport properties, allowing for a more efficient charge transfer during battery operation. The resulting composite exhibits remarkable cycling stability and an extended lifespan, addressing two crucial issues that have historically plagued lithium-ion batteries.

The research team conducted comprehensive testing to validate the material’s performance metrics. Using a series of electrochemical tests, including cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements, they quantified the lithium storage capabilities of the Ni-MOF/GR composite. The results were encouraging, indicating that this novel composite can sustain high capacities even under rapid cycling conditions, which is a common challenge in many battery applications.

In addition to performance metrics, the researchers also considered the environmental impact and scalability of their newly developed composite. The synthesis process of the Ni-MOF/GR composite was designed to be eco-friendly, ensuring that the production of these materials does not contribute to environmental degradation. The team aims to promote a sustainable approach in battery technology, advocating for materials that not only enhance performance but also minimize ecological footprints.

Another critical aspect of this research is its potential application in various energy storage systems, extending beyond traditional lithium-ion batteries. The flexibility of the Ni-MOF/GR composite allows for its integration into next-generation batteries, including solid-state and lithium-sulfur batteries, which are currently garnering interest due to their potential for higher energy densities and improved safety profiles.

As researchers continue to explore the vast possibilities of energy storage systems, the Ni-MOF/GR composite may play a pivotal role in the future landscape of battery technology. With the ever-growing demand for efficient and long-lasting batteries, especially in the realms of electric vehicles and renewable energy storage, advancements such as these are crucial in paving the way for sustainable energy solutions.

The implications of this innovative research extend far beyond just battery efficiency. As the world shifts toward electrification, the need for reliable, high-capacity energy storage systems becomes ever more critical. Implementing this technology could lead to a paradigm shift in how energy is stored and consumed, facilitating the broader adoption of renewable energy sources and helping address climate change challenges.

In summary, the combination of needle-shaped Ni-MOF and Graphene presents a remarkable advancement in lithium storage technology. This innovative anode material boasts unparalleled performance characteristics while remaining considerate of environmental impacts. As the research progresses and moves toward commercial application, the scientific community, along with industries relying on battery technologies, eagerly anticipates the transformative potential of this new composite.

The paper detailing this exciting development in energy storage technology has garnered significant attention, paving the way for further exploration in the field of materials science and battery engineering. The findings highlight a pressing need for continued investment in research that aims to unlock the full potential of next-generation energy storage solutions, ensuring a sustainable and electrifying future.

While the needle-shaped Ni-MOF/GR composite is certainly noteworthy, this study represents just a fraction of the ongoing innovative efforts in energy storage research. As the scientific landscape continues to shift and evolve, the collaborative efforts of researchers, engineers, and industries will ultimately determine the trajectory of energy technologies, ensuring that advancements in battery performance align with global sustainability goals.

Subject of Research: Needle-shaped Ni-MOF/GR composite for lithium storage performance

Article Title: Needle-shaped Ni-MOF/GR composite anode for superior lithium storage performance

Article References:

Kang, M., Lu, F., Liu, T. et al. Needle-shaped Ni-MOF/GR composite anode for superior lithium storage performance.
Ionics (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-025-06680-9

Image Credits: AI Generated

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-025-06680-9

Keywords: Lithium storage, Ni-MOF, Graphene, Anode performance, Energy storage technology.

Hydride ions, characterized by their low mass and exceptional redox potential, have long tantalized scientists with their potential to serve as superior charge carriers. Unlike the conventional lithium-ion systems that dominate today’s energy landscape, hydride ion batteries operate on the transfer of H⁻ ions, offering advantages such as higher energy density and lower dendritic risks. Yet, progress has been derailed by the absence of suitable electrolytes capable of facilitating rapid hydride ion conduction at ambient temperatures, while also withstanding rigorous electrochemical and thermal conditions.

Addressing this critical bottleneck, the DICP team engineered an innovative core–shell composite hydride electrolyte, denoted as 3CeH₃@BaH₂, where cerium hydride (CeH₃) forms the core enveloped by a barium hydride (BaH₂) shell. This heterojunction-inspired design synergistically combines the intrinsic high ionic conductivity of CeH₃ with the robust structural stability of BaH₂. The resulting composite electrolyte exhibits remarkable hydride ion transport kinetics at room temperature, a feat previously unattainable with single-phase hydride materials.

The core–shell architecture operates on the principle that the BaH₂ shell not only safeguards the CeH₃ core from degradation but also contributes to an extended electrochemical window, ensuring the material’s resilience in repeated cycling. This intricate interplay between phases facilitates fast and stable conduction pathways for hydride ions, overcoming typical barriers of electrolyte decomposition and limited ionic movement encountered in prior research.

Building upon the electrolyte breakthrough, the team assembled an all-solid-state hydride ion battery consisting of a CeH₂ anode, the novel 3CeH₃@BaH₂ electrolyte separator, and a cathode composed of NaAlH₄—a classical hydrogen storage material prized for its reversible H− capacity. This choice of cathode not only underscores the battery’s sustainability but also leverages the well-understood hydrogen chemistry intrinsic to NaAlH₄, known for its compatibility with hydride ions. The novel battery design successfully achieved a high initial discharge capacity of 984 mAh/g at room temperature, confirming the electrolyte’s efficacy in practical application.

Over a series of 20 charge-discharge cycles, the battery maintained a capacity of 402 mAh/g, demonstrating promising cyclability and operational stability without significant degradation. Such retention rates hint at the core-shell electrolyte’s durability and the compatibility of hydride ion chemistry within a solid-state framework—issues that have plagued many experimental battery systems attempting to transcend liquid electrolytes’ limitations.

The hydride ion battery’s operating voltage was measured at an impressive 1.9 V in a stacked configuration, a voltage sufficient to power real-world devices such as a yellow light-emitting diode (LED) lamp, as demonstrated by the researchers. This clear proof-of-concept underscores the technology’s readiness for practical energy storage applications, highlighting its potential utility in portable electronics, electric vehicles, and possibly grid storage, where high energy density and safety are paramount.

One of the most compelling advantages of utilizing hydrogen-based charge carriers, specifically hydride ions, is the near elimination of dendrite formation—a notorious issue in lithium metal batteries that leads to short circuits and catastrophic failures. This intrinsic dendrite suppression greatly enhances battery lifespan and safety, pivotal factors for widespread commercial adoption. The all-solid-state nature further contributes to operational safety by circumventing volatile, flammable liquid electrolytes commonly used in current lithium-ion systems.

The implications of this technology extend beyond performance metrics. The use of earth-abundant and relatively inexpensive materials such as cerium and barium hydrides could moderate production costs, addressing critical economic barriers in next-generation battery manufacturing. Given that scalability remains a critical hurdle for any nascent battery technology, the simplicity and stability of these hydride compounds bode well for potential industrial deployment.

This success also opens up a broader landscape for hydride ion battery research, inviting deeper investigation into tuning hydride-based materials’ structural, electrochemical, and interfacial properties. Such tunability offers a promising pathway to optimize energy density, charge rates, and cycle life, potentially surpassing the capabilities of current lithium-ion and emerging sodium-ion battery technologies.

Moreover, the demonstration of fast hydride ion conduction at room temperature challenges longstanding assumptions about hydride mobility, which was traditionally viable only at elevated temperatures. This breakthrough shifts the paradigm, enabling energy storage devices to function efficiently under ambient conditions without resorting to complex thermal management systems—a crucial factor for consumer electronics and electric transportation.

By harnessing the synergy of novel material design and robust chemical understanding, Prof. CHEN Ping’s team has charted an exciting course toward viable, safe, and sustainable electrochemical energy storage solutions that could integrate seamlessly into the ever-evolving clean energy ecosystem. If further optimized and commercialized, hydride ion batteries may well become frontrunners in the pursuit of more efficient, environmentally friendly, and resilient power sources for the next century.

As the global push intensifies toward decarbonization and renewable energy integration, the development of innovative battery chemistries like the hydride ion system is essential. Its unique approach, centered on hydrogen-based ions and solid-state materials, situates it as a promising candidate to overcome prevailing battery challenges—ushering in an era where electrochemical devices combine performance, safety, and sustainability without compromise.

This study not only provides a compelling proof-of-concept for hydride ion batteries but also lays a foundational framework for future research into advanced hydride electrolytes. By expanding the fundamental understanding of hydride ion transport and battery assembly using core-shell heterostructures, this work amplifies the horizon of electrochemical science and lays the groundwork for next-generation energy storage technologies.

Subject of Research: Not applicable

Article Title: A room temperature rechargeable all-solid-state hydride ion battery

News Publication Date: 17-Sep-2025

Web References: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-025-09561-3

Image Credits: Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics (DICP)

Keywords

Batteries, Electrolytes, Electrochemical cells

A recent multi-institutional research collaboration involving Drexel University, Purdue University, Vanderbilt University, the University of Pennsylvania, Argonne National Laboratory, and the Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics in Warsaw has unveiled groundbreaking insights into the atomic thermodynamics of MXenes. Led by renowned researchers Yury Gogotsi and Babak Anasori, this team has decoded the atomic-level interplay of energy and disorder within MXenes, illuminating the forces that dictate their structural formation and stability. Their landmark study, published in the journal Science, is poised to revolutionize how AI-driven tools can accelerate the discovery and design of new MXene materials with tailor-made functionalities.

MXenes derive their fascinating properties from the precise organization of atom-thick layers, where subtle alterations in the types of metals and their sequence dramatically influence electrical conductivity, thermal characteristics, and chemical reactivity. Yet, this structural complexity makes experimental synthesis an iterative and painstaking process. Until now, much of MXene research has centered on empirical methods, synthesizing and characterizing thousands of variants in search of promising candidates. The collaborative research effort shifts focus towards a fundamental thermodynamic understanding of how atomic arrangements transition from order to disorder, governed by competing enthalpic (energy) and entropic (disorder) forces.

By delving into the “order to disorder transition” in layered 2D carbides, the researchers established foundational principles that quantify how these thermodynamic forces influence MXene stability. This approach combines theoretical atomic modeling with advanced experimental imaging methodologies such as dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to observe atomic distributions layer-by-layer. Such high-resolution analyses revealed that MAX phases—the parent materials of MXenes, made of layers of multiple metallic elements—exhibit discernible ordering patterns when containing up to six different metals. In contrast, beyond six elements, the MXenes tend toward entropically stabilized, random atomic mixing.

This enthalpy versus entropy playbook is more than an academic insight; it unlocks a predictive framework for synthesizing MXenes with custom atomic architectures. These findings directly impact the strategic selection of metal constituents and layered arrangements to engineer MXenes with optimized properties, from electrical resistivity to infrared radiation permeability. Notably, the research team correlated increasing metallic diversity within layers to changes in these critical functional parameters, offering new avenues for material design in fields ranging from energy storage to aerospace engineering.

Significantly, the integration of these thermodynamic insights with artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning technologies heralds a new era in material discovery. Historically, AI approaches in materials science have been handicapped by insufficient foundational data on complex chemical interactions and underlying physical forces. This study bridges that gap by providing a robust dataset and governing principles to train AI models capable of predicting stable MXene configurations before physical synthesis. Such AI-augmented design can rapidly breach previously insurmountable experimental bottlenecks, enabling exploration of the vast compositional space of MXenes—effectively an infinite sea of potential materials.

Lead researcher Babak Anasori envisions a future where AI-guided strategies streamline not only the discovery but also the atomistic design of materials with extraordinary capabilities. The ultimate ambition lies in developing MXenes that outperform existing materials under extreme environmental conditions—whether in harsh outer space or demanding deep-sea environments. Applications could include longer-lasting electric vehicle batteries operating efficiently across temperature extremes or materials enabling clean energy technologies that rely on unprecedented durability and conductivity.

The study’s findings also contribute valuable knowledge to the broader field of high-entropy materials—complex alloys and ceramics composed of multiple principal elements. Their demonstration that short-range atomic ordering governs the balance of enthalpy and entropy paves the way for engineering layered ceramics with finely tuned disorder, offering enhanced performance and stability. This bridges the gap between traditional alloy design paradigms and the emergent domain of 2D nanomaterials, amplifying the potential applications beyond MXenes alone.

Utilizing a methodical approach, the researchers synthesized 40 unique MXene variations—30 of which were novel—integrating up to nine different metallic elements within layered lattices. Such compositional complexity required precise atomic characterization, backed by dynamic SIMS, which enabled direct observations of atomic distributions down to several atomic diameters. These experimental observations not only corroborated theoretical predictions but also provided essential parameters for future modeling and AI training datasets.

As artificial intelligence continues to evolve, this synergy between foundational thermodynamic principles and computational power could fundamentally accelerate the timeline from material conception to real-world application. Machine learning algorithms, trained with empirical data from these novel MXenes, can intelligently predict the most promising candidates, drastically reducing the cost and time required to explore uncharted compositional territories. This paradigm shift offers hope for breakthrough solutions in sustainable energy, electronics, and beyond.

In summary, the collaborative work represents a milestone in understanding how atomic-level enthalpy and entropy dictate the formation and properties of layered 2D carbides. By merging experimental atomic-scale insights with sophisticated AI frameworks, researchers stand on the brink of a revolution in materials science—a revolution that promises to unlock MXenes’ full potential and empower next-generation technologies with unprecedented performance in extreme environments. As the scientific community embraces these tools and principles, the frontiers of what materials can achieve will expand dramatically, charting a promising path for both fundamental research and industrial innovation.

Subject of Research: Not applicable

Article Title: Order to disorder transition due to entropy in layered 2D carbides

News Publication Date: 4-Sep-2025

Web References:
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adv4415

References:
Gogotsi, Y., Anasori, B., Wyatt, B. C., et al. (2025). Order to disorder transition due to entropy in layered 2D carbides. Science. DOI: 10.1126/science.adv4415

Image Credits: Devynn Leatherman-May, Brian C. Wyatt, and Babak Anasori, Purdue University.

Keywords

Materials science, Artificial intelligence, Machine learning, Chemistry