Retinoblastoma has long posed a clinical challenge due to its aggressive nature and potential to cause vision loss or even mortality if not appropriately managed. Traditional therapies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and enucleation, though effective to an extent, come with significant side effects and potential lifelong complications. This has necessitated the exploration of alternative molecular targets that can specifically induce cancer cell death without harming surrounding healthy tissues. Wedelolactone, derived primarily from the medicinal plant Eclipta prostrata, has previously demonstrated anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties, yet its precise mode of action in retinoblastoma cells remained elusive until now.

Central to this study is the