Joseph Clark, an assistant professor in chemistry, is pioneering a novel approach to drug molecule tracking using tritium, a radioactive hydrogen isotope. Typically, pharmaceutical metabolism studies rely heavily on carbon-14, a radioactive isotope crucial for tracing how drugs are processed in living organisms. This methodology is essential to understanding drug efficacy and safety. However, the limited global supply of carbon-14, predominantly produced in a single facility in Russia, is now jeopardized by geopolitical instability following Russia’s military actions in Ukraine. This supply disruption threatens the pipeline of new therapeutics awaiting regulatory approval in the United States and Europe.

Clark’s research explores the potential of tritium to serve as a viable alternative radiolabel. Unlike carbon-14, tritium has a unique placement on the outer edges of molecules, which historically has complicated its use due to metabolic instability and susceptibility to oxidative degradation. Clark’s work will delve deeply into strategic tritium incorporation sites less vulnerable to these metabolic pathways. Moreover, his team will develop sophisticated analytical techniques to verify the molecular purity and structural integrity of these tritiated drug candidates. By establishing tritium as a reliable radiolabel, they aim to alleviate dependency on carbon-14, thereby safeguarding drug discovery processes from geopolitical supply chain disruptions and accelerating the production of new medications.

Concurrent with these advances in drug tracing, Doowon Kim, an assistant professor of computer science, is addressing an enduring menace in digital security: phishing attacks. Despite decades of research and mitigative efforts, phishing remains a persistent, evolving threat characterized by the creation of counterfeit websites designed to steal sensitive user information such as login credentials and financial data. Traditionally, defense mechanisms rely on comparing suspicious websites against verified legitimate ones—a resource-intensive and reactionary process that introduces critical delays in countermeasure deployment.

Kim’s groundbreaking project takes a fundamentally different approach, shifting focus towards detecting phishing websites through their underlying JavaScript code rather than their surface appearance. By analyzing these back-end scripts, Kim aims to fingerprint inherent structural features unique to phishing sites, enabling earlier identification and containment. Additionally, his team plans to integrate large language models to autonomously adapt to novel phishing strategies, significantly reducing reliance on human intervention. This proactive methodology promises to revolutionize phishing defenses, making detection faster, more accurate, and less resource-intensive, thus enhancing cybersecurity resilience across diverse platforms.

Meanwhile, at the intersection of physics and quantum technology, Joon Sue Lee, assistant professor of physics and astronomy, is leveraging the exotic properties of elemental tin to explore quantum phase behaviors with profound implications for quantum computing. Tin exists in two distinct phases: alpha and beta. Alpha-tin is known for its intriguing topological characteristics, a property that endows materials with robust, symmetry-protected conducting states, while beta-tin exhibits conventional superconductivity, capable of zero-resistance current flow under specific conditions. Understanding and harnessing the interplay between these two phases is pivotal to unlocking new quantum functionalities.

Lee’s research aims to fabricate ultra-pure films of both alpha and beta tin on the same chip, cultivating atomically sharp interfaces between the phases. This precise control over phase boundaries is critical, as mixed-phase or poorly defined interfaces have thus far hindered comprehensive studies of the coupled quantum phenomena. By achieving this level of material refinement, Lee hopes to generate novel heterostructures that deepen insights into how topological effects coexist with superconductivity. This knowledge could pave the way for innovative quantum devices that transcend current technological limitations, providing practical breakthroughs in quantum information processing and quantum computing architectures.

Together, these three projects address pressing challenges from fundamental scientific, technological, and societal perspectives, reflecting the multifaceted impact of modern research. The CAREER awards, which include substantial funding allocations—$650,000 for Clark, $597,000 for Kim, and $749,000 for Lee—empower these early-career scholars to accelerate their work over the coming years. The University of Tennessee’s commitment to fostering such talent is expressed through dual support: promoting cutting-edge discovery while nurturing educational opportunities that inspire students at every academic level to engage with the sciences.

Clark emphasized the need to transition tritium into the mainstream radiotracer for metabolic studies, noting the United States produces tritium for research and government use, complemented by suppliers in North America and Europe. His optimism lies in creating a sustainable, independent framework for radiolabeling that can withstand geopolitical uncertainties and supply chain vulnerabilities. Such a shift may enable the pharmaceutical industry to streamline metabolite tracking, reduce costs, and facilitate faster drug approval timelines, ultimately benefiting patients worldwide.

Kim’s approach is equally transformative in the cybersecurity domain, where the agility of attackers often outpaces traditional defenses. By focusing on the intrinsic properties of malicious code rather than superficial traits, his method promises automated, scalable phishing identification. The incorporation of advanced machine learning models to anticipate emergent attack vectors further elevates this defensive strategy, potentially defining a new standard in cyber defense systems that combine efficiency with adaptability.

Lee’s vision extends beyond academic inquiry; creating phase-pure films with atomically controlled interfaces might offer tangible pathways toward constructing quantum materials with bespoke properties. These materials could lead to quantum computing components less prone to decoherence and operational errors, two major hurdles in realizing practical quantum processors. His research not only contributes foundational quantum physics knowledge but also aligns with national interests in maintaining leadership in emerging quantum technologies.

Collectively, these achievements underscore the vital interplay between basic scientific research and its applications. From addressing a critical materials shortage affecting drug safety testing, to pioneering cybersecurity tools that safeguard digital infrastructure, to exploring materials at the quantum frontier, these Tennessee scholars exemplify the promise of early-career researchers in shaping a safer, healthier, and more technologically advanced future. As the University of Tennessee continues to cultivate such talent, their work stands as a beacon, encouraging the next generation of scientists to delve deeply into complex problems with creativity and tenacity.

Deb Crawford, vice chancellor for research, innovation, and economic development at the University of Tennessee, expressed profound pride in this year’s NSF CAREER award recipients. She highlighted the transformative potential of their research and its capacity to inspire both current students and future scientific leaders. Their interdisciplinary endeavors resonate beyond academia, embodying tangible solutions that address global challenges. This recognition not only validates their past achievements but also empowers their ongoing commitment to impactful scientific exploration.

In sum, these NSF CAREER awards awarded to Joseph Clark, Doowon Kim, and Joon Sue Lee signify more than individual accomplishments; they represent a strategic investment in innovative research fields critical to public health, cybersecurity, and quantum science. Each recipient embodies the ethos of early-career scientists who push boundaries and envision new paradigms. Their breakthrough work promises to deliver enhanced drug development methodologies, fortified digital defenses, and quantum materials innovations that collectively propel science and society forward.

Subject of Research: Pharmaceutical radiolabeling using tritium, phishing website detection via JavaScript and machine learning, and phase-pure quantum materials fabrication for quantum computing applications.
Article Title: University of Tennessee Researchers Awarded NSF CAREER Grants to Advance Drug Design, Cybersecurity, and Quantum Technologies
News Publication Date: Not specified
Image Credits: University of Tennessee
Keywords: Research impact, drug design, cybersecurity, quantum computing

Cybercriminals have devised ways to manipulate the simplicity of QR codes. By replacing legitimate codes with counterfeit ones, they direct unsuspecting users to fraudulent websites, often crafted to imitate bank portals or official government sites. Upon scanning these forged codes, users unwittingly input sensitive information, risking their financial stability and personal data privacy. It is a dangerous game of cat and mouse, as every technological advancement seeks to bolster security measures in response to evolving threats.

In response to these emerging threats, researchers at the University of Rochester have developed a breakthrough technology: self-authenticating dual-modulated QR codes, or SDMQR. These innovative codes act as a line of defense against quishing attacks by providing users with assurances about the legitimacy of the links they encounter. The researchers have outlined this technology in their recent study published in IEEE Security & Privacy, providing an illuminating glimpse into a secure future for QR code utilization.

SDMQR codes are engineered to allow official entities to pre-register their URLs, embedding a cryptographic signature directly within the QR code itself. When a user scans the code, the decoder assesses the signature to determine the legitimacy of the associated link. This proactive verification process empowers users, signaling whether they are being directed to a verified source or a potential scam. Users can scan with peace of mind, knowing they are less likely to inadvertently disclose personal information to malicious actors.

One of the critical advantages of SDMQR technology is its seamless integration into existing QR code applications. Gaurav Sharma, a professor at the University of Rochester, emphasizes that retrofitting security without disrupting established workflows is paramount. The dual-modulated design allows these new codes to maintain backward compatibility with standard QR readers, ensuring that the average user experiences no disruption—only enhanced security.

The visual format of SDMQR codes diverges from traditional designs as well. Rather than relying solely on the familiar square patterns, these codes utilize elongated ellipses to convey information. This adaptation capitalizes on the high-resolution capabilities of modern smartphone cameras, which can discern intricate shapes and patterns. By harnessing this technology, SDMQR codes can hold more information while remaining easily scannable.

The potential for commercialization of SDMQR technology has attracted interest from various industries. Sharma and his coauthor, Irving Barron, have explored ways to bring this innovation to market, logging a patent for their design and obtaining a National Science Foundation I-Corps grant to investigate practical applications. Among the goals is the replacement of traditional UPC barcodes with SDMQR codes. This shift could streamline the retail experience while enhancing security for users and businesses alike.

Additionally, the research team is investigating more advanced color-coding mechanisms for QR codes. This will not only allow for more data to be embedded within a single code but will also drive scanned users to multiple destinations simultaneously. Results from their NSF I-Corps customer discovery research indicate a palpable interest from businesses eager to implement branded QR codes on packaging, thereby phasing out outdated UPC systems in favor of the more versatile and secure SDMQR design.

Consumer demand is shifting as companies adapt to changing technological landscapes. As packaging increasingly incorporates sophisticated QR codes, businesses acknowledge the benefits linked to a single, all-encompassing code. There is a collective goal to maximize information presentation while minimizing physical space—a quality that SDMQR technology distinctly offers. The trend toward a future where QR codes dominate should also anticipate widespread adoption, prompting regular users to adopt these codes into their daily habits.

As our reliance on QR codes continues to grow, so does the need for frameworks that protect users from malicious actors. With the unveiling of SDMQR technology by researchers at the University of Rochester, consumers have newfound assurance each time they scan a code. This innovation arrives in a timely fashion as the digital landscape becomes increasingly perilous. The combination of innovative design, cryptographic verification, and user engagement will define the next generation of QR code technology.

Through a collaborative effort between academia and industry, the future of QR codes is evolving. The exploration of SDMQR technology represents an exciting juncture in the interplay between technology and public safety. As these codes become central to various applications from commerce to communication, the necessity for robust security measures will only intensify. The proactive stance taken by researchers today will undoubtedly pave the way for a safer, smarter tomorrow.

As consumers learn more about the risks associated with traditional QR codes, awareness burgeons alongside innovative solutions. Building user trust through clear communication and reliable technologies will be essential in gaining widespread acceptance. SDMQR codes exemplify a step in that direction, where the convergence of security and convenience is no longer a lofty dream but a tangible reality ready for implementation.

In conclusion, as the digital world continues to expand and evolve, the potential for misuse also increases. The development of secure QR codes, such as the SDMQR codes, offers a beacon of hope against malicious tactics such as quishing. By ensuring that QR codes can be safely integrated into everyday routines, consumers can regain control over their data security and ease of access. The future might be filled with challenges in cybersecurity, but innovations like SDMQR codes promise a more secure and reliable digital experience.

Subject of Research: Self-Authenticating Dual-Modulated QR Codes
Article Title: Quashing Quishing Attacks Using Self-Authenticating Dual-Modulated QR Codes
News Publication Date: 6-Feb-2025
Web References: IEEE Security & Privacy
References: University of Rochester
Image Credits: University of Rochester photo / J. Adam Fenster

Keywords: QR codes, cybersecurity, phishing, technology, University of Rochester, SDMQR codes, cryptographic verification.

Among the 2024 Fellows, several renowned scholars and industry leaders have been recognized for their transformative work across a variety of domains within computing. Their diverse contributions range from advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning to groundbreaking developments in cybersecurity and human-computer interaction. These are not just accolades; they represent years of dedication, research, and innovation that have propelled the entire field of computing forward, aligning with ACM’s mission to promote technical excellence in all areas of computer science.

One of the noteworthy inductees, Marc Alexa from the Technische Universität Berlin, has been acknowledged for his influential work in computer graphics and geometry processing. His research has played a significant role in improving rendering techniques, enabling more realistic visuals, and upon deeper analyses of spatial data. These advancements are vital as they facilitate a deeper understanding of visuals in context, impacting not only academic research but also practical applications in industries such as gaming and simulations.

Another esteemed Fellow, Michael Bailey from the Georgia Institute of Technology, has contributed notably to the realms of cybersecurity and internet measurement. His work, primarily focused on the security aspects of network systems, is essential in today’s digital age where cyber threats are pervasive. As the world becomes increasingly dependent on digital infrastructures, ensuring the safety and integrity of these systems is paramount. Bailey’s research addresses these issues head-on, developing strategies and tools that enhance security protocols and safeguard sensitive information.

Statistical machine learning has also seen impressive contributions from Arindam Banerjee, based at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. His research not only sheds light on theoretical aspects but also on practical applications in scientific domains. Banerjee’s work aims to further our understanding of how statistical models can be leveraged to process vast amounts of data, thereby yielding insights that were previously unattainable. As big data continues to grow, such contributions are invaluable for various fields, including healthcare, environmental science, and financial modeling.

In a world marked by rapid technological advancements, contributions that focus on user experience and human-centered design are key. Susanne Bødker, a Fellow from Aarhus University, has been pivotal in the domains of participatory design and collaborative work. Her research emphasizes the importance of including users in the design process, ensuring that technology serves to enhance human capabilities rather than hinder them. Her approach advocates for more intuitive systems that align with user needs, thereby facilitating smoother interactions between humans and technological tools.

The list of distinguished Fellows continues with Clark Barrett from Stanford University, who has made significant strides in SMT (Satisfiability Modulo Theories) solving. His contributions have provided essential tools and techniques for verifying the correctness of software and hardware systems. By enabling precise reasoning about computing behavior, Barrett’s work helps developers create more reliable software, which is crucial in mission-critical applications across various sectors, including aerospace and finance.

The impact of ACM Fellows extends beyond academia; industry leaders like Satish Chandra from Google are also recognized for their contributions to software development tools. Chandra’s work has influenced the frameworks and methodologies used in software engineering, pushing the boundaries of what is possible in building robust, scalable applications. The relationship between academic research and industry application illustrates how collaborative efforts can lead to practical solutions that enhance technological development.

Recognition of these outstanding individuals occurs annually during ACM’s Awards Banquet, which celebrates not only their achievements but also the collective progress of the computing community. The next awards ceremony, slated for June 14, 2025, in San Francisco, California, will showcase these honorees before their peers and the wider technology community. This event not only honors personal achievements but also fosters an environment where knowledge sharing and collaboration can flourish, ultimately leading to more robust technological advancements.

The 2024 ACM Fellows represent a global tapestry of talent, with members hailing from various countries including Australia, Canada, China, the United Kingdom, and the United States, among others. Their diverse backgrounds enrich the ACM community, as they bring unique perspectives that reflect the global nature of computing today. This cultural diversity is crucial in solving complex problems that transcend geographical and disciplinary boundaries in the field of computing.

The contributions of these Fellows are pivotal as they address key challenges facing society, whether it be through development in machine learning for better healthcare solutions or enhancing cybersecurity measures that protect our digital identities. The vast range of expertise — extending to data management, quantum computing, and algorithms — showcases the interconnected nature of computing disciplines, where advancements in one area can catalyze breakthroughs in others.

In celebrating these 55 new ACM Fellows, the organization reinforces its commitment to recognizing excellence and innovation in computing. The awards serve not only as accolades but as beacons of inspiration for future generations of computer scientists and engineers. As these distinguished members continue to push the envelope of what is possible in computing, their work will undoubtedly shape the future landscape of technology in profound ways.

This initiative exemplifies the significance of collaboration across different sectors, promoting an ethos where shared knowledge leads to collective progress. ACM encourages such collaboration through its various networking opportunities, allowing members to interact and share insights. By empowering its members and providing numerous platforms for learning, ACM plays a critical role in advancing the field of computing, ensuring that it continues to thrive in a rapidly evolving technological environment.

As the computing landscape continues to evolve, the role played by ACM Fellows becomes increasingly important. They represent not only the achievements of the past but also the potential for future breakthroughs. The ACM Fellows program shines a light on outstanding contributions while encouraging an ongoing dialogue about the future of technology and its societal implications. As they forge ahead, these innovators will pave the way for even greater accomplishments that can address the complex challenges that lie ahead.

In conclusion, the 2024 ACM Fellows embody the spirit of innovation and excellence in computing. Their recognition by the ACM cements their legacy in the field, validating years of toil and expertise. This group of luminaries is not just a collection of brilliant minds but a vibrant community devoted to the advancement of technology for the betterment of society. The ACM Fellows program reaffirms the importance of acknowledging excellence in computing and will continue to inspire future innovators to aim for greatness.

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