Cerebral palsy is a neurological disorder that primarily affects movement and posture due to brain development issues. For many families in Rwanda, the diagnosis is not merely a medical challenge but a social and emotional one that impacts every facet of life. The research highlights that the burden of caregiving often falls heavily on mothers, whose experiences encapsulate a blend of resilience, frustration, and hope. The study presents an opportunity to understand how these mothers navigate their roles, often in the face of societal stigma and limited resources.

The data was gathered through in-depth interviews with mothers, who provided invaluable insights into their daily struggles and the emotional upheaval that accompanies the care for children with such profound needs. Many spoke of the isolation they feel within their communities, often stigmatized for having a child with a disability. This stigma can lead to a lack of social support, compounding the stresses that caregivers face. Each narrative shared in the research offers a poignant reminder of the human side of disability, highlighting the urgency for increased societal empathy.

The phenomenological approach taken by the researchers allowed for a rich exploration of the mothers’ lived experiences. By focusing on personal narratives, the study captures the intricate emotional landscapes these mothers navigate. They recounted not just the challenges but also moments of joy and connection with their children. The experiences of raising a child with cerebral palsy can be a bittersweet journey, where small victories are cherished amid overwhelming trials. This duality is essential to understanding the caregiving experience in its full scope.

Furthermore, the study draws attention to the disparities in healthcare access and services for children with disabilities in Rwanda. Many mothers expressed frustration over the lack of resources available for therapies, support groups, and educational opportunities for their children. This systemic issue exacerbates the already significant emotional and physical toll of caregiving, making it imperative for health policymakers to address the gaps in support systems.

Additionally, the mothers spoke about the impact of their role on their overall mental health. Burnout and anxiety were common themes, indicating a dire need for mental health resources tailored to caregivers of children with disabilities. While these mothers display remarkable strength, the reality is that they often face emotional exhaustion, which can hinder their ability to provide the best care for their children. The study suggests that addressing mental health needs should be a priority in any comprehensive support strategy.

The stories shared in the research highlight the importance of community and the potential for collective strength among mothers. Many found solace in sharing their experiences with fellow caregivers, forming bonds that help alleviate the burden of isolation. This highlights the need for community-based initiatives that foster connection and support among families dealing with similar challenges. Hospitals and support organizations should prioritize the creation of safe spaces for sharing and collaboration.

Through their struggles, these mothers were also agents of advocacy, often fighting for better services and understanding within their communities. Their stories reveal an inherent desire for change, not just for their children, but for all children with disabilities. This advocacy work is vital, as it helps to challenge the societal norms and misconceptions surrounding disability. Empowering these mothers to use their voices can influence public perception and policy, ultimately leading to improved conditions for families affected by cerebral palsy.

In light of this research, it becomes increasingly clear that attention must also be directed towards education about disabilities in Rwandan society. By increasing awareness, stigma can be reduced, and acceptance can foster a more inclusive community. Educational programs aimed at informing the public about cerebral palsy and the capabilities of children with disabilities can create a more empathetic society. The need for systemic change is underscored by the raw and honest testimonials from the mothers involved in the study.

Moreover, the emotional resilience displayed by these mothers is nothing short of inspirational. Their narratives encapsulate a blend of hope, perseverance, and determination. The study highlights that while challenges abound, so too do opportunities for personal growth and richer familial bonds. The strength that emerges from navigating the complexities of caregiving serves as a testament to the unwavering love these mothers have for their children.

As the findings from this study propel discussions about disability and caregiving in Rwanda, they also pave the way for future research. There is a pressing need to explore the experiences of fathers and siblings in these families, as their perspectives would further enrich the understanding of the familial dynamics influenced by cerebral palsy. Comprehensive studies could provide a holistic view of the caregiving experience, ensuring that all voices within the family unit are heard.

The psychological and social dimensions of caring for children with cerebral palsy are multifaceted and intricate. The stories collected by Niyigaba et al. reveal a significant gap in understanding the needs of these families, illustrating how vital it is for healthcare providers and policymakers to adopt a holistic approach to treatment. Engaging with families, understanding their emotional needs, and providing adequate resources can transform the caregiving experience.

In conclusion, this phenomenological study has illuminated the profound realities faced by mothers of children with cerebral palsy in Rwanda. It serves as a rallying cry for increased awareness, systemic change, and compassionate support for these families. By prioritizing the needs of mothers and their children, society can create a more inclusive environment where children with disabilities thrive and families find strength in community.

Through the lens of these mothers’ experiences, we can begin to reshape the narrative surrounding disability in Rwanda, fostering a future where acceptance and support are the cornerstones of societal values.

Subject of Research: Lived experiences of mothers caring for children with cerebral palsy in Rwanda.

Article Title: Lived experiences of mothers caring for children with cerebral palsy in Rwanda: a phenomenological study.

Article References: Niyigaba, J.P., Uhawenimana, T.C., Bagweneza, V. et al. Lived experiences of mothers caring for children with cerebral palsy in Rwanda: a phenomenological study. BMC Pediatr (2026). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-026-06538-7

Image Credits: AI Generated

DOI: 10.1186/s12887-026-06538-7

Keywords: Cerebral Palsy, Caregiving, Mothers, Rwanda, Phenomenological Study, Disability Awareness, Mental Health, Advocacy, Community Support

The rise in dementia cases across Africa is correlating with an aging population, imposing unprecedented pressures on families already grappling with socioeconomic challenges. The nuances of caregiving in various African cultures reveal significant differences in how families approach the care of loved ones afflicted with dementia. Factors such as economic constraints, social support systems, and cultural perceptions of mental health shape the experiences of caregivers, influencing their emotional and psychological resilience in the face of these challenges.

One of the primary challenges highlighted in the review is the emotional toll that caregiving exacts on family members. Caregivers often experience feelings of isolation, stress, and burnout, exacerbated by the demands of providing constant care for individuals with complex needs. The emotional turbulence arises from a mix of witnessing the gradual decline of a loved one and juggling this role alongside other responsibilities such as work and family obligations. It is essential to recognize the psychological impact on caregivers and the subsequent ripple effects that their mental health can have on the quality of care provided to the dementia patient.

Interestingly, the review identifies several coping strategies that caregivers in Africa employ to navigate these turbulent waters. Social support emerges as one of the most effective coping mechanisms, where relationships with friends, extended family, and community networks play a crucial role. In various African cultures, communal living and shared responsibilities often mean that caregivers are not alone in their journey. Through sharing experiences and seeking emotional support, caregivers can mitigate feelings of loneliness and cultivate resilience against the stresses associated with caregiving.

Moreover, the synthesis underscores the importance of education and training for caregivers. There is a clear need for support programs that equip caregivers with practical skills and coping techniques. By receiving training in managing dementia-related behaviors and understanding the disease, caregivers can alleviate some of the burdens they carry. This knowledge not only empowers them but also enhances their ability to provide effective care, ultimately benefiting both the caregiver and the person living with dementia.

Additionally, the integration of traditional health practices with modern interventions is another facet explored in the review. Many African families rely on traditional medicine and healers, believing in their efficacy alongside biomedical approaches. Recognizing and respecting these traditional beliefs can help health professionals design culturally sensitive care strategies that resonate with caregivers and patients alike. Bridging the gap between modern medicine and traditional practices may offer a holistic approach to managing the complexities of dementia care in Africa.

The findings also point to the resilience and adaptability of family caregivers in the face of adversity. Many caregivers develop innovative solutions to address challenges, such as creating structured routines or engaging in activities that foster cognitive stimulation for their loved ones. These adaptive strategies exemplify the innate human capacity to confront hardships and seek out pathways to maintain dignity and agency amidst the struggles of caregiving.

As the research articulates, the need for policy initiatives aimed at supporting caregivers of dementia patients cannot be overstated. Advocacy for increased resources, access to healthcare services, and caregiver-friendly policies is imperative. Policymakers must recognize the pivotal role that family caregivers play in the healthcare system and the necessity of supporting them to ensure they can continue their essential work without compromising their own health and well-being.

Furthermore, the review highlights the importance of mental health support for caregivers themselves. Many caregivers neglect their mental health needs due to the overwhelming demands of their caregiving responsibilities. The establishment of mental health services tailored specifically to caregivers can provide them with the necessary support to sustain their role effectively. Services such as counseling and stress relief programs can empower caregivers, enhancing their capacity to provide compassionate care while also taking care of themselves.

In conclusion, the challenges faced by family caregivers of older adults with dementia in Africa are indeed profound and complex; however, the collective insights from this systematic review and meta-synthesis underscore the resilience, resourcefulness, and strength of these caregivers. Emotional support, education, respect for traditional practices, innovative adaptations, and robust policy interventions are critical components that can aid in alleviating the burdens borne by caregivers. By fostering a holistic and supportive environment, societies can enhance the caregiving experience and ultimately improve the quality of life for both caregivers and those they care for.

As this vital research unfolds in the broader discourse on dementia care, it serves as a clarion call for communities, healthcare systems, and policymakers to work collaboratively towards solutions that support family caregivers. In doing so, we can honor their sacrifices and contributions while building a future that respects the dignity of both caregivers and the individuals living with dementia.

Subject of Research: Challenges and coping strategies of family caregivers of older adults with dementia in Africa.

Article Title: Challenges and coping strategies of family caregivers of older adults with dementia in Africa: a systematic review and meta-synthesis.

Article References:

Hailu, G.N., Oliveira, J.S.A.D., Pereira, W.C. et al. Challenges and coping strategies of family caregivers of older adults with dementia in Africa: a systematic review and meta-synthesis.
BMC Nurs (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-04254-8

Image Credits: AI Generated

DOI: 10.1186/s12912-025-04254-8

Keywords: family caregivers, dementia, Africa, coping strategies, emotional support, mental health, traditional practices, policy interventions.

Caregiving for patients with brain tumors is particularly challenging due to the complex and changing nature of the disease and its symptoms. Brain tumor patients often suffer from cognitive and physical impairments that require intense and prolonged care, leaving caregivers vulnerable to chronic fatigue and psychological strain. This new cross-sectional study, conducted with 280 caregivers of brain tumor patients, sought to unravel how fatigue correlates with caregiving burden—and how internal and external resources like hope and social support might alleviate this impact.

Using validated and widely recognized measurement tools, including the Adult Hope Scale and Zarit Burden Interview, the researchers quantified caregivers’ fatigue levels, the burden they felt, their sense of hope, and their perceived social support. Analyzing the data with advanced statistical mediation models outlined in the SPSS PROCESS Macro, the team could dissect direct and indirect relationships between these variables with precision. The study design, while cross-sectional, provides robust correlational insights into the psychological dimensions affecting caregivers.

Notably, the results revealed that over half of the caregivers experience moderate levels of fatigue and social support. This finding highlights that fatigue is a widespread issue among this population, while social support appears to be just moderate—indicating a gap that could be targeted by intervention programs. The burden reported was also notably high, with half of the participants indicating moderate to severe caregiving burden, underscoring the significant emotional and physical toll involved.

One of the striking findings was the strong negative correlation between fatigue and hope (r = -0.57, p < 0.001), indicating that as caregivers grow more fatigued, their hope diminishes. Similarly, fatigue was negatively associated with social support (r = -0.65, p < 0.001), confirming that fatigued caregivers tend to perceive less social support. These relationships pinpoint fatigue as a critical factor undermining both the personal sense of hope and the recognition or availability of social support networks.

Furthermore, fatigue showed a substantial positive correlation with caregiver burden (r = 0.63, p < 0.001), meaning that increasing fatigue strongly relates to escalating feelings of burden. The intertwined relationship among hope, social support (positively correlated at r = 0.57, p < 0.001), and burden underlines the complex psychosocial landscape caregivers navigate. Recognizing this interplay is vital for developing holistic care strategies that support caregivers’ mental and emotional well-being.

Through mediation analysis, the researchers demonstrated that hope and social support serve as significant mediators between fatigue and burden. Specifically, fatigue indirectly influenced caregiving burden through hope with an effect size of 0.16 (95% CI 0.02 to 0.30), and through social support with an even stronger effect size of 0.38 (95% CI 0.21 to 0.57). Even more compelling was the combined mediation effect of hope and social support, which had an indirect effect of 0.12 (95% CI 0.04 to 0.21). These findings highlight that boosting hope and improving social support can critically reduce the burden wrought by persistent fatigue.

The implications of these results are profound for caregiving interventions. They suggest that healthcare providers, social workers, and mental health professionals should consider strategies that not only address the physical demands of caregiving but also foster caregivers’ psychological resilience and broaden their support networks. Interventions could include hope-enhancement therapies, peer support groups, community resource linkage, and tailored fatigue management programs.

Additionally, the study accentuates the need for systemic approaches involving families, healthcare systems, and communities to provide sustainable support mechanisms. By embedding hope and social reinforcement within the caregiving experience, it may be possible to mitigate some of the profound emotional and physical burden caregivers endure, thereby preserving their well-being and ability to provide care.

Given the high prevalence of moderate to severe burden and fatigue among caregivers, this research brings urgency to addressing mental health and social support frameworks as integral elements of caregiving support. It underscores that caregiver burden is not merely a byproduct of physical exhaustion but a complex psychosocial phenomenon amenable to targeted intervention.

This study also opens avenues for future research to test intervention models specifically aimed at enhancing hope and social support in diverse caregiving populations. Longitudinal approaches could clarify causality and the evolution of these relationships over time, offering deeper insights into the dynamics of caregiver burden and resilience.

In conclusion, this seminal work illuminates critical pathways by which fatigue amplifies caregiver burden and identifies hope and social support as key levers that can be mobilized to lighten this load. For caregivers devoted to brain tumor patients, fostering hope and reinforcing social connections could represent not just emotional balm but a tangible strategy to combat fatigue-induced burden.

As the burden of neuro-oncological caregiving exacts a growing toll, this research invites the scientific community and healthcare stakeholders to innovate holistic models that integrate psychological and social resources. Supporting caregivers through strengthening hope and social networks may be as vital as medical care itself in improving outcomes for both patients and those who stand by their side.

This pioneering study heralds a new understanding of the caregiver experience—one that appreciates the delicate balance between exhaustion, burden, and the life-affirming power of hope and community. As science continues to unravel the human dimensions of caregiving, the roadmap for compassionate and effective caregiver support has never been clearer.

Subject of Research: The mediating effects of hope and social support on the relationship between fatigue and caregiving burden in caregivers of brain tumor patients.

Article Title: The mediation role of hope and social support in the relationship between fatigue and burden in caregivers of patients with brain tumor.

Article References:
Pasyar, N., Rambod, M., Zareinezhad, S., et al. The mediation role of hope and social support in the relationship between fatigue and burden in caregivers of patients with brain tumor. BMC Cancer 25, 1491 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14883-6

Image Credits: Scienmag.com

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-025-14883-6

Caregiving, particularly in the context of chronic illness such as cancer, comes with its unique challenges. Caregivers often experience a spectrum of emotions, including stress, anxiety, and even depression. As the primary source of support for patients, caregivers must navigate their loved ones’ health issues, which can be mentally and physically draining. The study conducted by Xia et al. aims to shed light on this often-hidden struggle and identify factors that influence caregiver resilience.

A core component of the research is the concept of “sense of coherence” (SoC), which refers to an individual’s capacity to perceive life as manageable, meaningful, and comprehensible. The researchers posited that a strong sense of coherence among caregivers could buffer against the adverse effects of burden. This psychological construct has been extensively studied in various health contexts, suggesting that individuals with high SoC may be better equipped to handle stressors associated with caregiving.

The longitudinal nature of the study adds depth to the findings, allowing for the observation of trends and changes in caregiver burden over time. By monitoring caregivers at multiple points, the researchers could see how their emotional and psychological states evolved alongside their loved ones’ health trajectories. This methodological approach provides a richer understanding of the caregiving experience, illustrating how burden is not a static condition but one that fluctuates with circumstances and time.

Data were collected from a sample of primary caregivers of colorectal cancer patients, focusing on key variables such as caregiver burden, sense of coherence, and various demographic factors. The study utilized validated assessment tools to quantify these variables, ensuring that the findings are both reliable and applicable to broader populations. This rigorous approach strengthens the argument for the importance of targeted support systems for caregivers.

Preliminary findings indicate that caregivers with a strong sense of coherence tend to report lower levels of burden. This correlation suggests that interventions aimed at enhancing caregivers’ psychological resilience could play a crucial role in mitigating the stresses associated with caregiving. Such interventions might include training programs, support groups, and resources that encourage caregivers to develop a more coherent understanding of their roles.

Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of social support networks in fostering a positive sense of coherence among caregivers. Those who reported having a robust support system—whether through family, friends, or community resources—demonstrated greater resilience and lower levels of reported burden. This finding underscores the need for healthcare professionals to not only support the patient during treatment but also to ensure that caregivers are not left to navigate this journey alone.

As the study progresses, researchers aim to explore the long-term impacts of caregiver burden and the effectiveness of various intervention strategies. By understanding the trajectories of burden and coherence, healthcare providers can develop more comprehensive care plans that include both patients and caregivers. This holistic approach could lead to improved outcomes for both parties, ultimately enhancing the quality of life during and after cancer treatment.

The implications of this research extend beyond the immediate context of colorectal cancer. The lessons learned can be applicable to various chronic illnesses, where caregiving dynamics remain a critical component of the health care system. By addressing caregiver burden head-on, we can pave the way for a more supportive healthcare environment that recognizes and values the indispensable role of caregivers.

In conclusion, the study by Xia et al. serves as a clarion call to re-evaluate how we approach caregiver support in oncology and beyond. As caretakers navigate the complexities of helping their loved ones through illness, it is imperative to recognize that their well-being is equally important. Investing in caregivers’ mental health through fostering a sense of coherence and providing social support may be the key to creating a more balanced care paradigm. As the discourse around caregiver health continues to evolve, let us not forget those who give so much of themselves in service to others.

Understanding the integral role of psychological resilience in caregiving, especially with concepts like sense of coherence, can lead to innovative strategies in caregiving support. Moving forward, it is essential for healthcare systems to acknowledge and integrate these findings into practice. By doing so, we honor not just the battles of the patients but also those fighting alongside them—our caregivers.

Subject of Research: Caregiver burden and sense of coherence in primary caregivers of colorectal cancer patients.

Article Title: The trajectory of caregiver burden and the predictive role of sense of coherence among primary caregivers of colorectal cancer patients: a longitudinal study.

Article References:
Xia, W., Liu, T., Wu, M. et al. The trajectory of caregiver burden and the predictive role of sense of coherence among primary caregivers of colorectal cancer patients: a longitudinal study.
BMC Nurs 24, 1202 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03807-1

Image Credits: AI Generated

DOI:

Keywords: Caregiver burden, colorectal cancer, sense of coherence, longitudinal study, psychological resilience, social support, healthcare innovation.

Bipolar disorder presents considerable challenges not only for those diagnosed but also for their immediate family members and partners, who often shoulder significant emotional and practical burdens. Recognizing the critical role that relatives play in treatment adherence and psychosocial stability, psychoeducation programs have been developed to empower these individuals with knowledge about the disorder, therapeutic strategies, and coping mechanisms. The current study adopts a reflexive thematic analysis to extract rich, subjective experiences from a targeted group of relatives, offering a window into their transformative journeys through the psychoeducational process.

The study draws on interviews with ten relatives—equally split between parents and partners—who recently completed the psychoeducation program. This sample is particularly representative since these two relational categories comprise approximately 90% of participants in the clinic’s larger psychoeducation efforts. Complementing these interviews, written feedback from 70 participants collected via an ongoing randomized controlled trial (RCT) adds quantitative breadth to the qualitative depths explored. This mixed methodological approach strengthens the validity of emergent themes, grounding them in both personal narrative and broader participant trends.

One of the most striking findings is the importance of “relating through shared experiences.” Relatives expressed a profound sense of affirmation and emotional relief when engaging with peers who not only faced similar circumstances but also shared specific relational roles and experiences with particular BD subtypes. The specificity of matching participants based on relationship type and clinical distinctions within BD seemed to deepen the empathetic connection and mutual understanding. This element of ‘sameness’ functioned almost as a prerequisite for meaningful recognition and support within the group dynamic.

Coupled with experiential connection is the critical process of “understanding the land of Bipolar Disorder.” Participants highlighted the value of gaining comprehensive, clinically grounded knowledge about the disorder’s symptomatology, course, and treatment modalities. This expanded understanding not only demystified BD but also alleviated common anxieties stemming from uncertainty and misinformation. Within this context, psychoeducation plays a dual role—both as an informative resource and as a catalyst for reshaping caregivers’ perceptions and expectations about the illness trajectory.

Closely intertwined with gaining knowledge is the theme of “trusting the treatment means sharing the burden.” For many relatives, prior skepticism about treatment efficacy generated considerable psychological pressure and feelings of isolating responsibility. The psychoeducation program facilitated direct interactions with clinicians, allowing participants to witness institutional competence and therapeutic rationale firsthand. This encounter fostered a collaborative ethos, whereby relatives felt they could safely delegate some caregiving responsibilities, mitigating the overwhelming sense of carrying the entire burden alone.

However, not all facets of psychoeducation were uniformly received or completed without challenges. Particularly for partners of BD patients, setting personal boundaries emerged as a complex and often difficult process. These relatives voiced a strong desire for more focused guidance on boundary negotiation—a domain they found critical in maintaining their well-being without compromising support for their loved ones. This aspect speaks to a broader caregiving paradox, where emotional investment must be balanced against self-protection to prevent burnout and relational strain.

Integral to these thematic insights is the conceptualization of relatives evolving into “diplomats with boundaries.” This metaphor encapsulates the strategic and delicate balancing acts that caregivers perform daily—negotiating between empathy and detachment, advocacy and autonomy, involvement and distance. The research identifies this diplomatic stance not only as a coping mechanism but also as a positive caregiving model that can be actively fostered through psychoeducation. This reframes caregiving from a solely burdensome task into a nuanced role imbued with agency, creativity, and resilience.

Methodologically, the study’s use of reflexive thematic analysis offers a rigorous yet flexible framework for interpreting complex psychological phenomena. This approach prioritizes researchers’ active engagement with data, iterative coding, and thematic development, allowing for a rich, layered understanding that transcends mere description. The concurrent utilization of RCT-sourced feedback strengthens findings by adding corroborative perspectives, thus enhancing both interpretability and applicability in clinical contexts.

From a clinical implementation standpoint, the findings suggest concrete improvements for psychoeducation program design. Segmenting participants into smaller discussion groups based on familial role and BD subtype could facilitate deeper engagement and tailored support. Moreover, explicitly incorporating boundary-setting modules may address a critical gap, particularly for partners. These refinements have the potential to not only augment participant satisfaction but also improve the sustainability of caregiving and overall treatment outcomes.

The study’s implications extend beyond the immediate clinical setting. It calls for a paradigm shift in recognizing the active agency of relatives in managing bipolar disorder’s complexities. Psychoeducation that integrates both cognitive understanding and emotional skill-building transforms caregivers from passive supporters into empowered collaborators. This empowerment may ripple into improved patient adherence, reduced hospitalization rates, and enhanced family system functioning.

Significantly, the concept of “diplomats with boundaries” could serve as a model applicable to other mental health conditions where family involvement is critical. By positioning relatives as strategic mediators rather than mere bystanders or overburdened supporters, mental health services can reimagine the family’s role in treatment. This shift could catalyze broader societal recognition of caregiving as a sophisticated, skilled practice necessitating dedicated support and education.

In synthesizing these findings, it becomes evident that psychoeducation for relatives of bipolar disorder patients is not merely about information dissemination. It is a complex psychosocial intervention that facilitates identity reconstruction, emotional recalibration, and relational negotiation. Future research could expand on this foundation by exploring longitudinal outcomes of such programs and testing the efficacy of boundary-focused curricula in diverse populations.

Ultimately, this study shines a spotlight on the often-overlooked narratives of those closest to individuals grappling with bipolar disorder. By listening to relatives’ voices and interpreting their experiences through nuanced qualitative analysis, the research provides a roadmap for enhancing psychoeducational interventions. Its innovative contributions invite clinicians, researchers, and policymakers to reconsider how best to support the intricate web of relationships central to mental health recovery.

Subject of Research: Experiences of relatives participating in group-based psychoeducation for bipolar disorder and the effects of this intervention.

Article Title: Becoming diplomats with boundaries – a thematic analysis of relatives’ experiences with group-based psychoeducation about bipolar disorder.

Article References:
Stokholm, J.R., Waldemar, A.K., & Kessing, L.V. Becoming diplomats with boundaries – a thematic analysis of relatives’ experiences with group-based psychoeducation about bipolar disorder. BMC Psychiatry 25, 843 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-07219-y

Image Credits: AI Generated

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-025-07219-y