The patients had a mean age of 22.4 years and included 25 women, while the controls had a mean age of 23.5 years and included 12 women.

Disrupted glutamatergic signaling across cortical and subcortical circuits has increasingly been recognized as a critical player in the pathophysiology of psychosis, making it a key target for imaging studies of the illness.

The result was clear: glutamate concentrations did not differ between patients and controls in any of the five regions, with all comparisons yielding p-values greater than 0.2. The hypothesized group differences in regional glutamate concentrations were therefore not confirmed.

A nominally significant association between basal ganglia glutamate and negative symptoms did not survive correction for multiple comparisons, meaning it cannot be considered a reliable finding on its own.

The exploratory analyses, however, produced a striking pattern. When the researchers examined how glutamate levels in one region related to glutamate levels in another, they found that patients, in contrast to controls, showed significant inter-regional glutamate correlations across six of the ten possible region pairs. The correlation coefficients ranged from 0.3 to 0.4, with p-values between 0.01 and 0.04. These correlations spanned cortical-cortical, cortical-subcortical, and subcortical-subcortical connections.

Notably, this pattern of network-level co-regulation was absent in the healthy controls. Four of the observed inter-regional correlations were associated with positive symptom severity, with p-values between 0.03 and 0.05. The authors suggest that this pattern of network-level dysconnectivity may reflect a glutamatergic substrate for the positive symptoms of psychosis, with potential implications for new treatment strategies.

The researchers emphasize that these findings are exploratory and that the study does not show altered glutamate concentrations in early psychosis. Rather, they conclude that glutamatergic dysregulation in early psychosis may be better captured by inter-regional covariance than by concentration differences alone.

Subject of Research: Glutamate concentrations and inter-regional glutamate correlations in antipsychotic-free first-episode psychosis measured with seven-tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy

Article Title: Glutamate levels in antipsychotic-free, first-episode psychosis: a 7-tesla MRS study across five brain regions

Article References: Baltzersen, O. B., Godfrey, S., Wiggermann, V., Syeda, W. T., Sulaiman, D. K. A., Hjørngaard, M. M., Scholtz, K. B., Bojesen, K. B., Glenthøj, B. Y., Lundell, H., Siebner, H. R., & Ebdrup, B. H. (2026). Glutamate levels in antipsychotic-free, first-episode psychosis: a 7-tesla MRS study across five brain regions. Translational Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-026-04487-4

Image Credits: AI Generated

DOI: 10.1038/s41398-026-04487-4

Keywords: glutamate, first-episode psychosis, seven-tesla MRS, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, anterior cingulate cortex, basal ganglia, hippocampus, thalamus, positive symptoms, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, antipsychotic-free, neuroimaging