Friday, July 1, 2022
SCIENMAG: Latest Science and Health News
No Result
View All Result
  • Login
  • HOME PAGE
  • BIOLOGY
  • CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
  • MEDICINE
    • Cancer
    • Infectious Emerging Diseases
  • SPACE
  • TECHNOLOGY
  • CONTACT US
  • HOME PAGE
  • BIOLOGY
  • CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
  • MEDICINE
    • Cancer
    • Infectious Emerging Diseases
  • SPACE
  • TECHNOLOGY
  • CONTACT US
No Result
View All Result
Scienmag - Latest science news from science magazine
No Result
View All Result
Home SCIENCE NEWS Biology

Genome study finds unexpected variation in a fundamental RNA gene

February 2, 2022
in Biology
0
Share on FacebookShare on Twitter

A genome study undertaken by Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center researchers to look for variants in a gene considered a fundamental building block for microscopic structures that synthesize proteins took a surprising twist.

RNA Graphic

Credit: Wenjun Fan, Ph.D.

A genome study undertaken by Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center researchers to look for variants in a gene considered a fundamental building block for microscopic structures that synthesize proteins took a surprising twist.

Human ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes are essential for building ribosomes, or machineries that translate proteins. The study findings, to be published in the Feb. 2 issue of the journal RNA, demonstrated that these genes — which were thought to be similar among people — instead differed significantly based upon a person’s geographic ancestry. Particularly high variations were found on a segment called 28S rRNA, an essential component of the protein-translating ribosome.

The team, directed by Marikki Laiho, M.D., Ph.D., director of molecular radiation sciences in the Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, veered from their regular research focus of developing new molecules that could be potentially useful in the treatment of cancer to delve into a basic biology concept they wanted to better understand.

They had developed cancer drugs that target synthesis of ribosomal rRNAs, a unique process that drives cancer development. Without these, cancer cells cannot multiply. The team wondered if the rRNA gene itself was altered in cancers, and how that could affect their targeting strategy. Despite the importance of this gene, there was no definitive reference sequence published to date.

Team members set out to take a bioinformatics approach to rRNA gene sequences, using high-performance computers at the Maryland Advanced Research Computing Center, a joint venture managed by The Johns Hopkins University and the University of Maryland. To start charting cancer alterations, they had to understand whether variants existed in the human population. The rRNA gene sequence was considered “untouchable,” or so fundamental that it seemed unlikely to have any variations.

“However, when we started that analysis, we very quickly realized that the cancer genomes were highly aberrant,” Laiho says. “In order for us to understand whether that aberration is real — meaning that it changes in a particular cancer — we needed to better understand what a normal human gene looks like.”

Next, they used whole-genome sequencing data from the 1000 Genomes Project (an international human genetics database) to analyze variants in 2,504 individuals from 26 populations. They identified 3,791 variant positions on the rRNA gene. This included 470 variant positions seen on 28S rRNA. Most of these variants were located on long protruding folds of the rRNA that vary among species. These represent positions of diversity, and are potentially under continuous evolution.

“The analysis results were beyond our imagination,” Laiho says. “We saw perfect conservation of sequences across vast swaths of the gene, and then highly variable sites in the exact locations that we expected to be unaltered. This suggests that the way variant rRNAs are built into the ribosomes could lead to potential alterations in how the ribosomes function.”

Many of the variants observed were segregated by population. For example, some variants were far more frequent among African or Asian populations versus American or European populations, and vice versa. This raises the possibility that some of the variants are ancient, ancestry-dependent, yet have been retained in modern populations, Laiho says.

“It’s too early to speculate what these variants mean, but what is fascinating is that they are conserved by population, and this means their retention is somehow important,” she says.

The study findings suggest there is a need to functionally assess how the 28S rRNA variants affect ribosome functions, which could in turn help lead to more targeted therapies for cancer or other diseases, Laiho says.

Scientists who contributed to the work include Wenjun Fan, Eetu Eklund, Rachel Sherman, Hester Liu, Stephanie Pitts and Rajesh Kumar NV of Johns Hopkins, and Brittany Ford of the University of Helsinki in Finland.

The work was supported in part by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (grant R01GM121404) and the National Cancer Institute (grant P30 CA006973).

Laiho holds patents on RNA polymerase 1 inhibitors, which are managed by The Johns Hopkins University in accordance with its conflict-of-interest policies.



Journal

RNA

Tags: findsFundamentalgenegenomeRNAstudyUnexpectedvariation
Share26Tweet16Share5ShareSendShare
  • Lead author Alison Towner with the carcass of a Great White Shark, washed up on shore following an Orca attack. ©Marine Dynamics/ Dyer Island Conservation Trust. Image by Hennie Otto

    The pair of Orcas deterring Great White Sharks – by ripping open their torsos for livers

    73 shares
    Share 29 Tweet 18
  • nTIDE May 2022 COVID Update: Uncertainty about inflation tempers good news for people with disabilities

    91 shares
    Share 36 Tweet 23
  • A closer look into the emergence of antibiotic resistance in bioaerosols and its monitoring

    69 shares
    Share 28 Tweet 17
  • Wayne State and Great Lakes Water Authority to create workforce and laboratory center of the future

    66 shares
    Share 26 Tweet 17
  • Putting the brakes on a bacterium that is a major cause of GI distress

    65 shares
    Share 26 Tweet 16
  • Development of ultra-thin, high-efficiency piezoelectric elements that generate electricity from movements in daily life

    65 shares
    Share 26 Tweet 16
ADVERTISEMENT

About us

We bring you the latest science news from best research centers and universities around the world. Check our website.

Latest NEWS

nTIDE May 2022 COVID Update: Uncertainty about inflation tempers good news for people with disabilities

COVID-19 fattens up our body’s cells to fuel its viral takeover

Native American women, reproductive politics and forced sterilizations

Subscribe to Blog via Email

Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email.

Join 190 other subscribers

© 2022 Scienmag- Science Magazine: Latest Science News.

No Result
View All Result
  • HOME PAGE
  • BIOLOGY
  • CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
  • MEDICINE
    • Cancer
    • Infectious Emerging Diseases
  • SPACE
  • TECHNOLOGY
  • CONTACT US

© 2022 Scienmag- Science Magazine: Latest Science News.

Welcome Back!

Login to your account below

Forgotten Password?

Retrieve your password

Please enter your username or email address to reset your password.

Log In
Posting....